Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APES > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

species that benefit from a consistent environment, survival is reliant on specific aspects/resources

A

Specialist Species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

species tolerant to environmental changes due to their varied diets and habitats

A

Generalist Species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

R-Select Species

A
  • Sexually mature quickly
  • Have the capacity to be invasive species
  • Shorter life expectancy
  • Unstable Environment
  • Each individual only reproduces once
  • Higher possible population density (independent)
  • More likely to be invasive
  • Follows Type ||| survivorship curve

population fluctuates depending on available resources

Think Rat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

K-Select Species

A
  • Larger species
  • Few reproductive events (have fewer offspring)
  • Devote a lot of energy to parenting
  • Longer Life expectancy
  • Stable Environment
  • Each individual can produce offspring more than once
  • Lower possible population density (dependent)
  • Follow Type | or Type || survivorship curves

population stays constantly close to carrying capacity

Carrying Capastity is appreviated as **K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

name of graph showing the number or proportion of individuals surviving to each age for a given species or group

A

Survivorship Curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Survivorship Curve Type

High survivorship, death of old age

ex: Humans in developed countries, Domesticated Animals

A

Type 1 Survivorship Curve
____
\

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Survivorship Curve Type

Consistent proportion of birth & death over time (aka the mortality of an individual does not depend on age)

A

Type 2 Survivorship Curve
\

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Survivorship Curve Type

High mortality at young ages, many offspring produced

A

Type 3 Survivorship Curve
\_____

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Percent Change Formula

A

Final-Initial
————————- x100
Initial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Growth Curve Type

S-shaped curve, population booms, then reaches constancy (carrying capacity)

A

Logistic Growth Curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Growth Curve Type

J-shaped curve, population growing rapidly & hasn’t leveled off

A

Exponential Growth Curve

Exponential Growth: a growth rate that increases at a constant rate for a fixed amount of time/population growing exponentially with time/doubling in size over equal increments of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

portion of the growth graph in which the population plateaus; where the rate at which the replenished resources of an ecosystem is equal to # of organisms born

A

Carrying Capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

reproductive lag time, the time it takes for the birth rate to decrease and the death rate to increase in response to limited resources

A

Population Overshoot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a crash or a die-off/a decline in population density

(overshoot consequence)

A

Population Collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the maximum rate at which a population can grow in optimal conditions with unlimited resources

A

Biotic potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

factors that limit biotic potential, abiotic and biotic factors both limit the organism from endlessly increasing its population

A

Environmental Resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Biotic factors

(for population)

A

predation, competition, parasitism etc

18
Q

Abiotic factors

(for population)

A

climate conditions & disaster

19
Q

a graph that represents the percentage of the population in each age group, helps interpret the relative population growth rate of the population

A

Age Pyramid

20
Q

name of each age group listed on an age pyramid

A

Cohort

21
Q

the higher % of people around age 15, the more the population will continue to rise (this large cohort will become a reproductive population in the future) **Continued growth of a population after fertility drops to replacement level is indicative of population momentum

A

Population Momentum

22
Q

Age Pyramid Type

  • Pyramid shape
  • Lots of reproductive women
  • Low GDPs
  • High birth & death rates
  • Lack of medicinal care
  • Agriculture based economies
  • Developing Countries
A

Rapid Growth
(First)

23
Q

Age Pyramid Type

  • “Rectangular”
  • “Equal” birth & death rates
  • High GDPs
  • Industrial based economies
  • Educated women (lower birth rates)
  • Developed Countries
A

Stable Growth
(Stage 3)

24
Q

Age Pyramid Type

Inverted Pyramid Shape
Small pre-reproductive cohort
Lower Birth than Death Rate
High GDPs.
Industrial based economies
Developed, progressive countries

A

Decline

25
Q

Growth Rate Terms

TFR

A

Total fertility rate: How many children an average women has in her life time

(affected by childbearing age, female education, rights, & government

26
Q

Worldwide TFR is falling as many developing countries undergo ________: lower infant mortality rates, expanding rights, family planning services, education, & jobs for women

A

Demographic Transition

27
Q

RLF stands for…

A

Replacement Level Fertility

(higher in countries with high infant mortality)

28
Q

determined by Life Expectancy and Infant Mortality Rate

A

Quality of Life

29
Q

Net Annual Percentage Growth Rate aka Population Growth Rate Formula

A

(birth + immigration) - (death + emigration) ————————————x100
Total Population

30
Q

Limiting Factor for Global Population

A

Earth’s Carrying Capacity

Malthusian Theory: population increases until competition rises to the point of one of the four horsemen arriving

31
Q

Population Doubling Formula

A

70
————–
Growth Rate %

32
Q

Population Density Independent Factors

A

Population’s birth or death rates influenced regardless of the population density

EX: Natural disasters like hurricanes or tsunamis

33
Q

Population Density Dependent Factors

A

birth or death rates are influenced by population density

EX: Diseases

34
Q

Stage 1 Population Qualities

aka: high stationary

A

-High Birth Rate
-High Death Rate
-High Infant Mortality Rate
-expanding population
-Close to 0 pop growth

Shape: Inverted Pyramid

35
Q

Stage 2 Population Qualites

aka: Early Expanding

A

-High Birth Rate
-Rapidly Falling Death Rate
-Very Rapid Population Increase

Shape: Pyramid

36
Q

Stage 3 Population Qualities

aka: Late Expanding

A

-Falling Birth Rate
-Slowly Falling Death Rate
-Slowing Population Increase

Shape: tall rounded pyramid

37
Q

Stage 4 Population Qualities

aka: low stationary

A

-Low Birth Rate
-Low Death Rate
-Slow/Stable Decrease
-Close to 0 population growth

Shape: Oval-ish

38
Q

Stage 5 Population Qualities

aka: Declining

A

-Very Low Birth Rate
-Low Death Rate
-Slow Population Decrease

39
Q

____ occur most commonly on fault lines

A

Earthquakes

40
Q

(location)

Divergent plate boundary is

A

between the Americas & Africa/Europe

41
Q

a semi-solid magma layer consisting of iron, magnesium, and silicon

A

Crust/Mantle

42
Q

N/A

A

APES (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions