Unit 4 Flashcards
States that remained in the Union, but were permitted to have slaves
Border States
What states were border states?
- Maryland
- West Virginia
- Kentucky
- Delaware
- Missouri
Did the Union or South have better economic resources?
Union
What did the South depend on for economic resources?
The power of King Cotton and their trading relationship with Great Britain
Why was Great Britain reluctant to provide support for the South?
Due to their disagreement over slavery
What did the Union have better of (economic resources)?
Better factories, food production, railroad tracks, and more soldiers.
What is this plan called?
- Blockade Southern Ports
- Splitting the Southern Ports
- Taking the capital at Richmond
Anaconda Plan
Was the Anaconda Plan the North or South Strategy?
North
What was the South’s strategy?
Advantage with home terrain – only had to defend against invasion
Was the North or South politically stronger?
North
WHO made the North military weak to a stronger one?
Ulysses S. Grant
WHO had the strategy of “total war”?
Ulysses S. Grant
This strategy was known as what?
attacking enemy civilians and support systems in addition to military targets
total war
WHO was commander of the Southern forces?
Robert E. Lee
What was seen as the beginning of the war in April 1861?
First shot fired from the battery on the Charleston Peninsula onto the Union-controlled fort in the harbor
Was the North or South military stronger?
South
Was the South politically weak?
Yes
Jefferson Davis
Confederate President
Why was the South politically weak?
Jefferson Davis was not able to get the Confederate states to effectively work together to pursue the war effort
Protects from unfair arrest and trial by jury
Habeas Corpus
Why did Lincoln hesitate to free the slaves?
He feared this would undermine the unity of the North by antagonizing the border states.
When emancipation was announcded, it was promoted as a “_____ ________” against the Confederacy
military measure
What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
A diplomatic and political document
True or False: The Emancipation Proclamation immediately freed the slaves
False
How did the Emancipation Proclamation impact other foreign country?
Lincoln made it impossible for the British to continue to support the Southern war effort
True or False: The Emancipation did not attempt to free slaves in the regions under Union control or in the border states
True
True or False: Only states in rebellion on 1/1/1863 were commanded to free their slaves, and Confederates were not likely to obey the President of the U.S.
True
After the slaves heard about the emancipation, what actions did they take?
They increasingly ran to Union lines and freedom
What did the Emancipation allow the African Americans to do?
To enlist in the U.S. Army as a war measure
Several African American units were formed – led a gallant but futile attack on Fort Wagner in Charleston Harbor
54th Massachusetts regiment
What did the African Americans disprove the myths on after their success in the war?
African American troops disproved myths about capability and race
African American soldiers were served in segregated units under the command of ______ _________
white officers
Were African American soldiers poorly supplied and paid less than white soldiers?
Yes
Freedom for all all slaves was formally legalized by what amendment at the end of the war?
13th Amendment
Ability to communicate over great distances
Telegraph
Used for transportation of soldiers and supplies
Railroads
More precise and more destructive than musket balls
Minie Ball
The U.S. Army Balloon Corps- observes in balloons relayed info to officers on the ground via telegraph, which marked the first time aerial reconnaissance was used in warfare
Balloons
Navy ships that were covered in steel plates for production
Ironclads
This battle ended the Southern hold on the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in half
Vicksburg (May-July, 1863)
Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s attempt for a major victory on Union soil at Gettysburg, PA failed
Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863)
Union General Sherman defeated Confederate forces in Atlanta to take control of all the South’s transportation and supply lines into the city
Atlanta (7/22/1864)
After the “burning of Atlanta” , Sherman began his march to where?
Savannah or “March to the Sea”
Where did General Lee surrendered to General Grant?
Appomattox Court House, VA
True or False: The purpose of Reconstruction policies of the federal gov. was not to rebuild the South.
True
What was the goal of Reconstruction?
re-establishment of full participation of the southern states in the Union – including the liberation of their slaves.
Required the only 10% of the population swear allegiance to the Union before their state governments could re-enter the Union and send representatives to Congress
Lincoln’s 10% Plan
What plan required state governments to recognize the end of slavery
Lincoln’s 10% Plan
WHO was a Southern sympathizer and shot Lincoln in the back of the head?
John Wilkes Booth
Did Andrew Johnson want to punish the South? Why?
No because he was a southerner himself
What was Andrew Johnson reconstruction plan known as?
Presidential Reconstruction
What was Andrew Johnson’s reconstruction plan?
- Confederate states would have to withdraw its secession
- Swear allegiance to the Union
- Ratify the 13th Amendment-Abolish all slavery
Was Andrew Johnson’s plan too lenient to the North?
Yes
What group arose in the North due to Andrew Johnson’s plan being too lenient?
Radical Republicans (led by Thaddeus Stevens)
What assisted former slaves and poor whites, distributed clothing and food, and established schools and hospitals?
Freedmen’s Bureau
- Gave African Americans citizenship
- Forbade states from passing black codes
Civil Rights Act of 1866
What amendment was provided as a Constitutional basis for Civil Rights Act?
14th Amendment
- Made all persons born in the U.S. citizens of the country
- Granted equal protection under the law
14th Amendment
What was passed by the Radical Republicans?
A Military Reconstruction Act of 1867
What did the Congressional Reconstruction Plan do?
- Confederate states had to ratify the 14th Amendment
- Split the former Confederacy into five military districts better enforce the Reconstruction Amendments
Outlawed slavery - freed slaves in the United States
13th Amendment
Recognized citizenship of African-Americans and the rights of citizens
14th Amendment
Protected voting rights of African-American males
15th Amendment
Did Johnson remain in the office after being impeached?
Yes, he was not found guilty by one vote.
After the Civil War, some African Americans moved to the West known as?
Exodusters
General Sherman promised freed slaves in the South land and a mule to farm that land.
40 Acres and a Mule
A system where landowners gave newly freed persons a few acres of land, along with tools and seed, in exchange for a portion of the harvest (usually half)
Sharecropping
Rent land for cash the next year and keep all the harvest
Tenant Farming
True or False: African American officeholders were still a minority
True
First African American senator
Hiram Revels
White Republicans came from the North as missionaries and entrepreneurs
Carpetbaggers
- Southern-born individuals who wanted to promote the rebuilding of the South.
- White Southerners who joined the Republican Party after the Civil War
scalawags
What did Southern state governments pass instead of slave code?
Black code
- 1876 election Hayes won the electoral vote, Tilden the popular vote
- South accepts Hayes, but military must withdraw (ends Military Reconstruction)
Compromise of 1877
True or False: The Compromise of 1877 meant the end of Reconstruction in the South.
True
WHO used terrorist tactics in an attempt to restore white supremacy in Southern states.
KKK
Segregates the South
“Jim Crow” Laws
What was the court case due to Jim Crow Laws?
Plessy v. Ferguson
What did African Americans had to go through to be able to vote?
- Pay tax to vote
- Literacy test
- Grandfather clause
Poll taxes
Payed tax to vote
Literacy test
must be able to read to vote
Grandfather clause
grandfather must have voted for Blacks to vote
