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US History 2023 > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

States that remained in the Union, but were permitted to have slaves

A

Border States

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2
Q

What states were border states?

A
  • Maryland
  • West Virginia
  • Kentucky
  • Delaware
  • Missouri
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3
Q

Did the Union or South have better economic resources?

A

Union

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4
Q

What did the South depend on for economic resources?

A

The power of King Cotton and their trading relationship with Great Britain

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5
Q

Why was Great Britain reluctant to provide support for the South?

A

Due to their disagreement over slavery

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6
Q

What did the Union have better of (economic resources)?

A

Better factories, food production, railroad tracks, and more soldiers.

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7
Q

What is this plan called?
- Blockade Southern Ports
- Splitting the Southern Ports
- Taking the capital at Richmond

A

Anaconda Plan

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8
Q

Was the Anaconda Plan the North or South Strategy?

A

North

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9
Q

What was the South’s strategy?

A

Advantage with home terrain – only had to defend against invasion

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10
Q

Was the North or South politically stronger?

A

North

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11
Q

WHO made the North military weak to a stronger one?

A

Ulysses S. Grant

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12
Q

WHO had the strategy of “total war”?

A

Ulysses S. Grant

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13
Q

This strategy was known as what?

attacking enemy civilians and support systems in addition to military targets

A

total war

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14
Q

WHO was commander of the Southern forces?

A

Robert E. Lee

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15
Q

What was seen as the beginning of the war in April 1861?

A

First shot fired from the battery on the Charleston Peninsula onto the Union-controlled fort in the harbor

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16
Q

Was the North or South military stronger?

A

South

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17
Q

Was the South politically weak?

A

Yes

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18
Q

Jefferson Davis

A

Confederate President

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19
Q

Why was the South politically weak?

A

Jefferson Davis was not able to get the Confederate states to effectively work together to pursue the war effort

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20
Q

Protects from unfair arrest and trial by jury

A

Habeas Corpus

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21
Q

Why did Lincoln hesitate to free the slaves?

A

He feared this would undermine the unity of the North by antagonizing the border states.

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22
Q

When emancipation was announcded, it was promoted as a “_____ ________” against the Confederacy

A

military measure

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23
Q

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

A

A diplomatic and political document

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24
Q

True or False: The Emancipation Proclamation immediately freed the slaves

A

False

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25
Q

How did the Emancipation Proclamation impact other foreign country?

A

Lincoln made it impossible for the British to continue to support the Southern war effort

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26
Q

True or False: The Emancipation did not attempt to free slaves in the regions under Union control or in the border states

A

True

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27
Q

True or False: Only states in rebellion on 1/1/1863 were commanded to free their slaves, and Confederates were not likely to obey the President of the U.S.

A

True

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28
Q

After the slaves heard about the emancipation, what actions did they take?

A

They increasingly ran to Union lines and freedom

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29
Q

What did the Emancipation allow the African Americans to do?

A

To enlist in the U.S. Army as a war measure

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30
Q

Several African American units were formed – led a gallant but futile attack on Fort Wagner in Charleston Harbor

A

54th Massachusetts regiment

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31
Q

What did the African Americans disprove the myths on after their success in the war?

A

African American troops disproved myths about capability and race

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32
Q

African American soldiers were served in segregated units under the command of ______ _________

A

white officers

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33
Q

Were African American soldiers poorly supplied and paid less than white soldiers?

A

Yes

34
Q

Freedom for all all slaves was formally legalized by what amendment at the end of the war?

A

13th Amendment

35
Q

Ability to communicate over great distances

A

Telegraph

36
Q

Used for transportation of soldiers and supplies

A

Railroads

37
Q

More precise and more destructive than musket balls

A

Minie Ball

38
Q

The U.S. Army Balloon Corps- observes in balloons relayed info to officers on the ground via telegraph, which marked the first time aerial reconnaissance was used in warfare

A

Balloons

39
Q

Navy ships that were covered in steel plates for production

A

Ironclads

40
Q

This battle ended the Southern hold on the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in half

A

Vicksburg (May-July, 1863)

41
Q

Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s attempt for a major victory on Union soil at Gettysburg, PA failed

A

Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863)

42
Q

Union General Sherman defeated Confederate forces in Atlanta to take control of all the South’s transportation and supply lines into the city

A

Atlanta (7/22/1864)

43
Q

After the “burning of Atlanta” , Sherman began his march to where?

A

Savannah or “March to the Sea”

44
Q

Where did General Lee surrendered to General Grant?

A

Appomattox Court House, VA

45
Q

True or False: The purpose of Reconstruction policies of the federal gov. was not to rebuild the South.

A

True

46
Q

What was the goal of Reconstruction?

A

re-establishment of full participation of the southern states in the Union – including the liberation of their slaves.

47
Q

Required the only 10% of the population swear allegiance to the Union before their state governments could re-enter the Union and send representatives to Congress

A

Lincoln’s 10% Plan

48
Q

What plan required state governments to recognize the end of slavery

A

Lincoln’s 10% Plan

49
Q

WHO was a Southern sympathizer and shot Lincoln in the back of the head?

A

John Wilkes Booth

50
Q

Did Andrew Johnson want to punish the South? Why?

A

No because he was a southerner himself

51
Q

What was Andrew Johnson reconstruction plan known as?

A

Presidential Reconstruction

52
Q

What was Andrew Johnson’s reconstruction plan?

A
  • Confederate states would have to withdraw its secession
  • Swear allegiance to the Union
  • Ratify the 13th Amendment-Abolish all slavery
53
Q

Was Andrew Johnson’s plan too lenient to the North?

A

Yes

54
Q

What group arose in the North due to Andrew Johnson’s plan being too lenient?

A

Radical Republicans (led by Thaddeus Stevens)

55
Q

What assisted former slaves and poor whites, distributed clothing and food, and established schools and hospitals?

A

Freedmen’s Bureau

56
Q
  • Gave African Americans citizenship
  • Forbade states from passing black codes
A

Civil Rights Act of 1866

57
Q

What amendment was provided as a Constitutional basis for Civil Rights Act?

A

14th Amendment

58
Q
  • Made all persons born in the U.S. citizens of the country
  • Granted equal protection under the law
A

14th Amendment

59
Q

What was passed by the Radical Republicans?

A

A Military Reconstruction Act of 1867

60
Q

What did the Congressional Reconstruction Plan do?

A
  • Confederate states had to ratify the 14th Amendment
  • Split the former Confederacy into five military districts better enforce the Reconstruction Amendments
61
Q

Outlawed slavery - freed slaves in the United States

A

13th Amendment

61
Q

Recognized citizenship of African-Americans and the rights of citizens

A

14th Amendment

62
Q

Protected voting rights of African-American males

A

15th Amendment

63
Q

Did Johnson remain in the office after being impeached?

A

Yes, he was not found guilty by one vote.

64
Q

After the Civil War, some African Americans moved to the West known as?

A

Exodusters

65
Q

General Sherman promised freed slaves in the South land and a mule to farm that land.

A

40 Acres and a Mule

66
Q

A system where landowners gave newly freed persons a few acres of land, along with tools and seed, in exchange for a portion of the harvest (usually half)

A

Sharecropping

67
Q

Rent land for cash the next year and keep all the harvest

A

Tenant Farming

68
Q

True or False: African American officeholders were still a minority

A

True

69
Q

First African American senator

A

Hiram Revels

70
Q

White Republicans came from the North as missionaries and entrepreneurs

A

Carpetbaggers

71
Q
  • Southern-born individuals who wanted to promote the rebuilding of the South.
  • White Southerners who joined the Republican Party after the Civil War
A

scalawags

72
Q

What did Southern state governments pass instead of slave code?

A

Black code

73
Q
  • 1876 election Hayes won the electoral vote, Tilden the popular vote
  • South accepts Hayes, but military must withdraw (ends Military Reconstruction)
A

Compromise of 1877

74
Q

True or False: The Compromise of 1877 meant the end of Reconstruction in the South.

A

True

75
Q

WHO used terrorist tactics in an attempt to restore white supremacy in Southern states.

A

KKK

76
Q

Segregates the South

A

“Jim Crow” Laws

77
Q

What was the court case due to Jim Crow Laws?

A

Plessy v. Ferguson

78
Q

What did African Americans had to go through to be able to vote?

A
  • Pay tax to vote
  • Literacy test
  • Grandfather clause
79
Q

Poll taxes

A

Payed tax to vote

80
Q

Literacy test

A

must be able to read to vote

81
Q

Grandfather clause

A

grandfather must have voted for Blacks to vote

US History 2023 (10 decks)

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