Unit 2: Articles of Confederation to the War of 1812 Flashcards
What is it called when the government must be controlled so that it cannot infringe upon the rights of the people
Limited Government
The policy of having supreme, independent power to rule and make laws.
Soverinty
Under the AoC, sovereignty lay with who?
The states
Under the Constitution, the authority to govern derives from who?
The people
Why was the United States never meant to be a true democracy?
It did not recognize the right to vote of several classes of people
Who elects the members of the House of Representatives?
Voters
Meant to buffer the impact of the popular will on the election of the president
Electoral College
Limits the power of the national government by only delegating it some powers
Federalism
What are the three types of power under federalism?
- Federal Powers (delegated to the national gov.)
- State Powers (Reserved Powers)
- Concurrent Powers (Shared Powers between the national government and the states)
State if this is delegated (national), reserved (state), concurrent (shared)
Taxation
Concurrent (shared)
State if this is delegated (national), reserved (state), concurrent (shared)
Marriage
State
State if this is delegated (national), reserved (state), concurrent (shared)
Treaties
National
State if this is delegated (national), reserved (state), concurrent (shared)
Education
State
State if this is delegated (national), reserved (state), concurrent (shared)
Crime
Concurrent
State if this is delegated (national), reserved (state), concurrent (shared)
Declaring War
National
State if this is delegated (national), reserved (state), concurrent (shared)
Legal System
Concurrent (shared)
State if this is delegated (national), reserved (state), concurrent (shared)
Conducting elections
State
What are the 3 branches?
Executive, Legislative, Judcial
- Enforces the laws
- The President of the United States
Executive Branch
Create laws
Legislative Branch
Decide if laws are constitutional or not
Judiciary Branch
Ensured that the power of each branch was limited by a competing power in another branch
Checks and Balances
Limited the national government from infringing on the rights of the peope
Bill of Rights
Name the Amendment:
- Freedom of Speech
- Freedom of Religion
- Freedom of Press
- Right to Peacefully Assemble
- Right to Petition the Government
Amendment #1
Name the Amendment:
- The right to keep and bear arms
Amendment #2
Name the Amendment:
- No soldier can live in someone’s house without the owner’s permission
Amendment #3
What were Amendments #4-8?
Protect the Rights of the Accused
Name the Amendment:
- Protects you against unreasonable search and seizures
Amendment #4
Name the Amendment:
- Provides a right to due process of law
- Protects you against double jeopardy
- Protects you against self-incrimination
Amendment #5
Name the Amendment:
- Speedy and public trial
- Impartial jury of your peers
- Informed of charges against you
- Know who is testifying against you
Amendment #6
Name the Amendment:
- Can have a trial by jury in a civil case
Amendment #7
Name the Amendment:
- No excessive bail or fines
- No cruel and unusual punishment
Amendment #8
Name the Amendment:
-All rights guaranteed to the government reserved to the people
Amendment #9
Name the Amendment:
- All rights not guaranteed to the government reserved to the states
Amendment #10
What were George Washington opinions on the political party?
He believed they were not good for the country and was not a member of any political party
How did political parties developed?
It was developed as a result of the political differences between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson
Encouraged the U.S. to stay out of entangling alliances
Washington’s Farewell Address
What did both Hamilton and Jefferson support?
The ratification (acceptance) of the Constitution
Who served in Washignton’s Cabinet?
Hamilton - Secretary of the Treasury
Jefferson - Secretary of State
WHO believed in strong states’ rights, with a limited federal gov. He thought that the ideal nation would be a “nation of small farmers.”??
Jefferson
WHO believed that the national gov. should have more power. He strongly distrusted the “common man,” and believed that the wealthy upper class had an inherent right to run the government.
Hamilton
What did Hamilton propose in his economic plan?
That the national government “assume” the states’ debts after the war
Who supported and was against Hamilton’s economic plan? Why?
- The northern states supported bc they had outstanding debts.
- The southern states were against because they had already paid off their debts
What was the compromise for Hamilton’s economic plan?
- The US gov would pay off the debts
- The capital would be moved from NYC farther south
What did Hamilton propose to Congress?
A national bank
What was the purpose of establishing a national bank?
To spur economic growth
Why was Jefferson and Madison against a national bank?
The Constitution did not specifically list the creation of bank as one of Congress’s powers.
How did Hamilton argued that the national bank was necessary?
It was “necessary and proper” that was said under the Constitution
What is called when a person believes in expanding the government’s power through the use of the “elastic clause.”
Loose constructionist
Who proposed to establish a protective tariff?
Hamilton
A high tax on imports designed to prompt consumers to purchase the lower priced goods produced in their home
Protective tariff
What was the purpose of the establishment of a protective tariff?
It would protect new emerging American industires
What did Jefferson believed in when Hamilton proposed to establish a protective tariff?
Jefferson believed that democracy depended on the independence of the farmer
Did Congress pass the tariff?
No
Why were the Southerners against the tariff?
They feared that if the tariffs were too high, Great Britain would get angry and stop buying southern cotton.
What did the West want the gov. to build and why?
Roads, railroads, and canals so that they could easily get their crops to market.
Were the west willing to go along with high tariffs?
Yes because it provided that the money would be used for internal improvements.
What caused the Whisky Rebellion?
Hamilton wanted to control the drinking habits of Americans and raise money for the national gov.
What did the Whisky Rebellion challenge?
The rebellion of western Pennsylvania farmers was the first challenge to the authority of the new national gov.
What did the Whiskey Rebellion demonstrate?
How the national gov could enfored laws by sending in troops. It showed that the national gov had more power than the state gov.
- Wealthy merchants and industrialists
- Supporters of Hamilton
- Supported strong central gov.
- Interpreted the Constitution loosely, and used the elastic clause to give the federal gov more power
Federalists
- The “common man”
- Strong supporters of Jefferson
- Believed in a limited central gov. and a strong state gov.
- Supported a strict interpretation of the Constitution
- Opposed the development of an industrialized country
Democratic-Republicans
In the French Revolution, who did Jefferson and Madison support? Why?
The French, because the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was very similar to the Declaration of Independence, and because the French helped America during the American Revolution.
In the French Revolution, who did Hamilton support? Why?
The British, used to be our mother country and we had important trade relations with them.
Treaty with Britain in which they agreed to evacuate their forts in the Northwest Territory.
Jay’s Treaty
- Adam sent men to France to discuss the French commandeering of American ships
- The French refused to meet the American delegates so he sent 3 low-level officials (X,Y, and Z).
- X, Y, and Z attempted to bribe the US delegation in order to meet with the foreign minister ($250,000)
- “Millions for dense, but not one cent for tribute”
XYZ Affair
What did the Federalists used the XYZ Affair to argue about?
That America needed to strengthen their position in foreign relations
Kicked immigrants out of the country
Alien and Sedition Acts
Raise residence requirements for citizenship & permit deportation or jail for any alien considered undesirable
Alien Acts
Fines & jail for hindering or even lying about the government
Sedition Act
What did the Alien and Sedition Act violate according to Jefferson and Madison?
Violated the 1st Amendment rights
What did Jefferson establish in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts?
The philosophy of Nullification
States have right to declare an act of Congress they deem unconstitutional as “null & void”
Nullification
Established the court system bc the Constitution does not go into detail about how a Judiciary system should be set up
Judiciary Act of 1789
Who appointed John Marshall and why?
John Adams appointed John Marshall because he was in the same political party in which he supports a strong national gov.
What is an example that the presidential power is felt long after the appointing administration is gone. Although the Senate must confirm presidential appointments to the judiciary, presidents most often appoint justices who hold political ideas similar to the President’s
The Marshall Court
Who said, “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.”??
Thomas Jefferson when he was appointed as the President
Appointed judges to those newly created positions on Adams last day as President
Midnight Judges
What Act added 16 federal judges?
Judiciary Act of 1801
What did Jefferson do to the midnight judges when he took office?
He refused to have the official appointment papers (commissions) delivered to the new judges.
What court case was this?
Federalist William Marbury was appointed and confirmed as one of the “midnight judges”. However, his commission to a lower court had not been delivered before the Democratic Republicans took office, and Secretary of State James Madison refused to deliver the commission.
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
What was the result of the Marbury v. Madison?
The Judiciary Act of 1789 required the Supreme Court to order that the commission papers be delivered, and Marbury sued to enforce this provision.
What court case was this?
Only the Federal gov. could control interstate trade
Gibbons v. Ogden
What court case was this?
The state cannot go against contracts made by the federal gov.
Dartmouth v. Woodward
What court case was this?
The federal gov. has the right under the implied powers to establish the nation bank; states cannot tax federal property; federal gov. is supreme over the states.
McCulloch v. Maryland
What court case was this?
The court denied the right of the state of Georgia to impose its laws with Cherokee
Worcester v. Georgia
What two countries began fighting after Jefferson became president in the War of 1812?
United States and Great Britain
The practice of seizing Americans at sea and “impressing,” or drafting, them into the British navy.
Impressment
What was the purpose of the Embargo Act of 1807?
It was a ban on exporting products to other countries. Jefferson believed that the Embargo Act would hurt Britain and the other european powers and force them to honor American neutrality.
Why did many Native American tribes form a confederacy?
They believed it was the only way for them to protect their homeland against intruding white settlers.
What was the significance of the Battle of Tippecanoe?
Shawnee led an attack on Harrison and his troops. Harrison struck back. He burned the Shawnee capital to the ground. Harrison’s victory made him a national hero, but his troops suffered heavy loses
