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US History 2023 > Unit 2 Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 2 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

A law that promised settlers religious freedom and barred slavery from the area.

A

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

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2
Q

An alliance of states or territories.

A

Confederation

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3
Q

A government in which citizens rule through their elected representatives

A

Republic

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4
Q

Established a plan for surveying the land

A

Land Ordinance of 1785

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5
Q

The idea that government should be based on the consent of the people

A

Republicanism

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6
Q

America’s first form of government which also gave more power to the states.

A

Articles of Confederation

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7
Q

Branch that interprets laws

A

Judicial Branch

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8
Q

Divided power between the national government and the states

A

Federalism

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9
Q

Buffers the popular vote; elects the president

A

Electoral college

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10
Q

This event caused Americans to reflect about wanting to have a stronger national government

A

Shays’s Rebellion

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11
Q

Called for three-fifths of a state’s slaves to be counted as population for both representation and taxation.

A

Three-Fifths Compromise

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12
Q

Prevents one branch from domination the others

A

Checks and balances

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13
Q

Branch that makes laws

A

Legislative branch

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14
Q

This compromise offered a two-house Congress that combined the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan

A

Great Compromise

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15
Q

Branch that enforces/carries out laws

A

Executive Branch

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16
Q

Required the agreement of at least nine states

A

Ratification

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17
Q

Supporters of the Constitution

A

Federalists

18
Q

Federalists opponents because they opposed having such a strong central government and were against the constitution

A

Antifederalists

19
Q

A formal summary of citizens’ rights and freedoms

A

Bill of Rights

20
Q

Created under Washington’s presidency as a result of differences in how the Constitution was interpreted

A

Two-party system

21
Q

Created the court system

A

Judiciary Act of 1789

22
Q

An import tax on goods

A

Protective tariff

23
Q

Hamilton’s economic plan would issue paper money and handle tax receipts and other government funds

A

Bank of the United States

24
Q

Washington’s Secretary of Treasury

A

Alexander Hamilton

25
Q

A tax on a product’s manufacture, sale, or distribution

A

Excise tax

26
Q

Advises the president

A

Cabinet

26
Q

Preferred state power; strict interpretation of the Constitution; party of the farmer, etc

A

Democratic-Republicans

27
Q

What provoked the anti-French sentiment in America as well as showing the government it needed a stronger foreign policy

A

XYZ Affair

28
Q

In response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, Thomas Jefferson adopted the policy of ______________, which stated that a state can ignore a federal law.

A

Nullification

29
Q

In regards to the conflict between the French and the British, America practiced the policy of _________________, which meant that America would not pick side to support.

A

neurality

30
Q

An act passed by the Federalist-controlled gov. which targeted the Democratic-Republicans.

A

Alien and Sedition Acts

31
Q

WHO negotiated a treaty with Britain, which the British would evacuate their forts on the Northwest Territory.

A

John Jay

32
Q

Placing the interests of one region over those of a nation as a whole

A

sectionalism

33
Q

Territory bought from France that doubled the size of the U.S.

A

Louisiana Purchase

34
Q

Commissioned by President Jefferson to survey the land of the Louisiana Purchase

A

Lewis and Clark

35
Q

The ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

A

Judicial Review

36
Q

Served as an interpreter and guide for Lewis and Clark

A

Sacajawea

37
Q

Resulted from President Adams appointing 16 federal judges on his last day in office

A

Midnight judges

38
Q

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who strengthened the role of the federal government

A

John Marshall

39
Q

Increased the number of federal judges by 16

A

Judiciary Act of 1801

40
Q

Established judicial review

A

Marbury v. Madison

US History 2023 (10 decks)

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