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US History 2023 > Unit 3: Expansion and Disunion > Flashcards

Unit 3: Expansion and Disunion Flashcards

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1
Q

The attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their nation identity; extreme pride in one’s country and nation

A

Nationalism

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2
Q

Finding identity in one’s region (section); extreme pride in one’s region and regional identity; creating national disunity

A

Sectionalism

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3
Q

Where did the Industrial Revolution began?

A

In Great Britain

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4
Q

What was the main source of income before the Civil War in the United States?

A

Intercontinental trade of cash crops, not manufacturing.

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5
Q

What Act and War changed the United States main source of income?

A

Thomas Jefferson’s Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812.

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6
Q

What was never profitable in New England?

A

Agriculture

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7
Q

What provided waterpower to textile mills in New England?

A

An abundance of streams and rivers

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8
Q

What type of people are going to work at the mills in New England?

A

Thousands of people, mostly young women, are going to come to work at these mills.

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9
Q

WHO began to open a series of mills?

A

Francis C. Lowell

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10
Q

What impact did it create when Francis C. Lowell open a series of mills?

A

A mass production of cotton

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11
Q

How did immigrants react to the industrialization in the North and why?

A

Immigrants were attached to the job opportunities there

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12
Q

Why were there Irish immigrants arriving to the North to work in factories?

A

The Irish were fleeing from a potato famine

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13
Q

Why were there German immigrants arriving to the North to work in factories?

A

German migrated as a result of political instability

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14
Q

Hostility towards immigrants

A

Nativism

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15
Q

What did the South relied heavily on?

A

Agriculture and the growing of cash crops

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16
Q

What was in high demand with the North turning to textile mills?

A

Cotton was in high demand

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17
Q

Who invented the Cotton Gin?

A

Eli Whitney

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18
Q

Cotton production boomed so plantation owners began to purchase more what?

A

Slaves

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19
Q

Term used by Southerners before the Civil War to indicate the economic dominance of the Southern cotton industry, and that the North needed the South’s cotton.

A

“Cotton is King!”

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20
Q

What was the most profitable cash crop in America during the antebellum period?

A

Cotton

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21
Q

How did the cotton gin affect the production of textile mills AND the effects on slaves?

A

Cotton gin increased production rate and plantation owners purchased more slaves

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22
Q

The belief that national interests and unity outweigh regional or state interests

A

Nationalism

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23
Q

WHO’s goal was to unite the different regions of the country and create a stable economy that would make the nation self-sufficient.

A

Henry Clay

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24
Q

What are the Three Parts of the American Plan?

A
  • Develop Transportation Systems (Erie Canal)
  • Establish a Protective Tariff
  • Create a National Bank
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25
Q

What two court cases supported Nationalism?

A
  • Gibbons v. Ogden
  • McCulloch v. Maryland
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26
Q

Confirmed Congress has authority over interstate commerce

A

Gibbons v. Ogden

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27
Q

Confirmed that the national government has supremacy over state governments

A

McCulloch v. Maryland

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28
Q

What was established in the Conventions of 1818 and between what two countries?

A

Established the 49th parallel as the border between the U.S. and Canada.

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29
Q

Florida is ceded to U.S. from Spain

A

Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819

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30
Q

Jefferson appoints who to explore the new territory & possibly find a water route to the Pacific Ocean?

A

Lewis and Clark

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31
Q

Who served as an interpreter & guide for part of Lewis and Clark’s journey?

A

Sacagawea

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32
Q

President Monroe warned the European nations that any attempt to reestablish those colonial claims would be seen as a threat to our peace and safety

A

The Monroe Doctrine

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33
Q

During Monroe’s Presidency, Napoleon was overthrown… many European monarchs looked to re-establish what?

A

European monarchs looked to re-establish control over their Latin-American colonies which scared the United States.

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34
Q

What were problems of the Monroe Doctrine?

A
  • Most Europeans ignored the doctrine
  • American military power was very limited in the early 19th century
35
Q

Why was the Monroe Doctrine successful?

A

Britain supported the Monroe Doctrine and would back America militarily in enforcing the Monroe Doctrine

36
Q

Why did Britain help America with the Monroe Doctrine?

A
  • Great Britain wanted to protect its lucrative trade… therefore, Great Britain provided major naval support to help enforce the Monroe Doctrine
37
Q

What was the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

A

Missouri applied as a slave state which would effect the balance of free and slave states.

38
Q

The equal number of slave states and “free” states meant….

A

an equal number of votes in the Senate (2 votes for each state).

39
Q

What was the great compromise for the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and who was it designed by?

A
  • Maine would become a state and be a Free -state.
  • Missouri would become a state and allow slavery.
  • It was designed by Henry Clay.
40
Q

What is the 36 degree north parallel?

A

It would serve as a dividing line between slave and free states. All future states created North of that line would be free, South of that line would be slave.

41
Q

The belief that the wealthy elite should not dominate politics

A

Jacksonian Democracy

42
Q

What did the 1828 election allow?

A

Most states allowed white males who did not own land to vote

43
Q

What did Jackson characterized himself as?

A

the “common man”

44
Q

Who was the first president to use the Spoils System?

A

Andrew Jackson

45
Q

The practice of giving government jobs to loyal supporters, even if they had no qualifications for the position.

A

Spoils System

46
Q

Who supported the Second National Bank?

A

The North, South, and West all supported the strengthening of the National Bank.

47
Q

Who did not support the National Bank?

A

President Jackson did not support this action.

48
Q

In 1830, Congress passed what Act?

A

the Indian Removal Act to provide funds, negotiate treaties, and move Indians west.

49
Q

What court case related to the Indian Removal Act?

A

Worcester v. Georgia

50
Q

Was there resistance due to the Indian Removal Act? If so, give an example

A

Yes, some tribes, such as the Seminoles (Florida), fought militarily and lost.

51
Q

What did the Supreme Court (Chief Justice John Marshall) rule for the Worcester v Georgia case?

A

That Native Americans were sovereign in their own territory and that states such as Georgia had no jurisdiction there.

52
Q

What were President Jackson opinions and what did he say on the Supreme Court rule for the Worcester v. Georgia case?

A

He refused to abide by the Court’s decision and famously said, “John Marshall had made his decision, now let him enforce it.”

53
Q

The 800 mile trip was made mostly on foot during the winter and resulted in the deaths of a quarter of their tribe.

A

Trail of Tears

54
Q

What were regional issues in the North?

A
  • Wanted high tariffs to protect domestic industry.
  • Were against the expansion of slavery
55
Q

What were regional issues in the South?

A
  • Were against a high tariff
  • Wanted slavery to expand into the new western territories and states.
56
Q

What were regional issues in the West?

A
  • Wanted land prices to stay cheap
  • Wanted internal improvements
57
Q

What are the events due to?
- In 1828, Congress passed a tariff to keep out British imports and help Northern industries.
- South Carolina used the states’ rights argument (based on the 10th Amendment) to declare the tariff “null and void”
- Some in SC even considered seceding (withdrawing) from the Union (United States).

A

Nullification Crisis

58
Q

A state’s rights come before the nation’s rights.

A

The States’ Rights Theory

59
Q

What occurred before the Civil War?

A

The antebellum period

60
Q

A time when religion came back to the forefront, and people were encouraged to become socially active and impact society through good works.

A

The antebellum period

61
Q

What reform movement is this?
- prohibit the drinking of alcohol,
- Many women got their start in activism

A

Temperance Movement

62
Q

Who believed in having public compulsory education?

A

Horace Mann

63
Q

Who believed many prisoners suffered from mental illness and sought to get mental hospitals established to help such prisoners?

A

Dorothea Dix

64
Q

What was the goal of the Abolitionist Movement?

A

To have slavery abolished in America.

65
Q

The abolitionist movement first developed among WHO?

A

Quakers (believed everyone had inner light)

66
Q
  • Was a religious revival movement in the early 1800s.
  • It was national in scope and contributed to the development of reform movements that further divided the nation.
A

The Great Awakening

67
Q

Abolitionists included African Americans named?

A
  • Nat Turner
  • Frederick Douglass
  • Harriet Tubman
68
Q

Some abolitionists were white named?

A
  • William Lloyd Garrison
  • Grimke Sisters
  • Harriet Beecher Stowe
  • John Brown
69
Q

Who wrote a newspaper called The Liberator?

A

William Lloyd Garrison

70
Q

Who wrote Uncles Tom’s Cabin?

A

Harriet Beecher Stowe

71
Q

What is a major action during the abolitionist movement?

A

Led rebellions

72
Q

Who led a rebellion….
- in 1831 with 80 followers
- 60 whites were killed before the rebellion ended.
- In retaliation, almost 200 blacks, most with no connection to the rebellion, were killed.

A

Nat Turner

73
Q

Why Southerners argued that slavery good?

A

They argued that it was a “positive good” because slaves were better off than industrial workers in the North.

74
Q

The culture and customs of the day required married women to limit their duties to housework and child care

A

Cult of Domesticity

75
Q

What were women’s rights in the mid-1800s?

A

Women had few legal rights: couldn’t vote, sit on juries, or even have guardianship of their own children

76
Q

Sarah and Angelina Grimke

A

Women Abolitionists
- Middle-class white women were inspired by religion (Second Great Awakening) and joined reform movements.

77
Q

In 1848, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott held a women’s rights conference called the….?

A

Seneca Falls Convention.

78
Q

“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men AND women are created equal.”

A

Declaration of Sentiments

79
Q

The belief that Americans had God-Given right to all the land in North America

A

Manifest Destiny

80
Q

What was claimed by the United States and Great Britain that was a joint occupation rights until a treaty was negotiated in the 1840s?

A

Oregon Country

81
Q

How did Westward movement impact enslaved African Americans?

A

Slave owners took only part of their human property with them on the trek west and left the rest of a slave family behind.

82
Q

WHO formed the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) in NY?

A

Joseph Smith

83
Q

Why was Joseph Smith followers getting attacked as they settle in Illinois?

A

Their belief in polygamy (multiple wives).

84
Q

WHO was Smith’s successor, led the Mormons west to escape religious persecution?

A

Brigham Young

US History 2023 (10 decks)

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