Unit 3: Expansion and Disunion

Question 1

The attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their nation identity; extreme pride in one’s country and nation

Answer 1

Nationalism

Question 2

Finding identity in one’s region (section); extreme pride in one’s region and regional identity; creating national disunity

Answer 2

Sectionalism

Question 3

Where did the Industrial Revolution began?

Answer 3

In Great Britain

Question 4

What was the main source of income before the Civil War in the United States?

Answer 4

Intercontinental trade of cash crops, not manufacturing.

Question 5

What Act and War changed the United States main source of income?

Answer 5

Thomas Jefferson’s Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812.

Question 6

What was never profitable in New England?

Answer 6

Agriculture

Question 7

What provided waterpower to textile mills in New England?

Answer 7

An abundance of streams and rivers

Question 8

What type of people are going to work at the mills in New England?

Answer 8

Thousands of people, mostly young women, are going to come to work at these mills.

Question 9

WHO began to open a series of mills?

Answer 9

Francis C. Lowell

Question 10

What impact did it create when Francis C. Lowell open a series of mills?

Answer 10

A mass production of cotton

Question 11

How did immigrants react to the industrialization in the North and why?

Answer 11

Immigrants were attached to the job opportunities there

Question 12

Why were there Irish immigrants arriving to the North to work in factories?

Answer 12

The Irish were fleeing from a potato famine

Question 13

Why were there German immigrants arriving to the North to work in factories?

Answer 13

German migrated as a result of political instability

Question 14

Hostility towards immigrants

Answer 14

Nativism

Question 15

What did the South relied heavily on?

Answer 15

Agriculture and the growing of cash crops

Question 16

What was in high demand with the North turning to textile mills?

Answer 16

Cotton was in high demand

Question 17

Who invented the Cotton Gin?

Answer 17

Eli Whitney

Question 18

Cotton production boomed so plantation owners began to purchase more what?

Answer 18

Slaves

Question 19

Term used by Southerners before the Civil War to indicate the economic dominance of the Southern cotton industry, and that the North needed the South’s cotton.

Answer 19

“Cotton is King!”

Question 20

What was the most profitable cash crop in America during the antebellum period?

Answer 20

Cotton

Question 21

How did the cotton gin affect the production of textile mills AND the effects on slaves?

Answer 21

Cotton gin increased production rate and plantation owners purchased more slaves

Question 22

The belief that national interests and unity outweigh regional or state interests

Answer 22

Nationalism

Question 23

WHO’s goal was to unite the different regions of the country and create a stable economy that would make the nation self-sufficient.

Answer 23

Henry Clay

Question 24

What are the Three Parts of the American Plan?

Answer 24

• Develop Transportation Systems (Erie Canal)
• Establish a Protective Tariff
• Create a National Bank

Question 25

What two court cases supported Nationalism?

Answer 25

- Gibbons v. Ogden - McCulloch v. Maryland

Question 26

Confirmed Congress has authority over interstate commerce

Answer 26

Gibbons v. Ogden

Question 27

Confirmed that the national government has supremacy over state governments

Answer 27

McCulloch v. Maryland

Question 28

What was established in the Conventions of 1818 and between what two countries?

Answer 28

Established the 49th parallel as the border between the U.S. and Canada.

Question 29

Florida is ceded to U.S. from Spain

Answer 29

Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819

Question 30

Jefferson appoints who to explore the new territory & possibly find a water route to the Pacific Ocean?

Answer 30

Lewis and Clark

Question 31

Who served as an interpreter & guide for part of Lewis and Clark's journey?

Answer 31

Sacagawea

Question 32

President Monroe warned the European nations that any attempt to reestablish those colonial claims would be seen as a threat to our peace and safety

Answer 32

The Monroe Doctrine

Question 33

During Monroe's Presidency, Napoleon was overthrown... many European monarchs looked to re-establish what?

Answer 33

European monarchs looked to re-establish control over their Latin-American colonies which scared the United States.

Question 34

What were problems of the Monroe Doctrine?

Answer 34

- Most Europeans ignored the doctrine - American military power was very limited in the early 19th century

Question 35

Why was the Monroe Doctrine successful?

Answer 35

Britain supported the Monroe Doctrine and would back America militarily in enforcing the Monroe Doctrine

Question 36

Why did Britain help America with the Monroe Doctrine?

Answer 36

- Great Britain wanted to protect its lucrative trade... therefore, Great Britain provided major naval support to help enforce the Monroe Doctrine

Question 37

What was the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

Answer 37

Missouri applied as a slave state which would effect the balance of free and slave states.

Question 38

The equal number of slave states and “free” states meant....

Answer 38

an equal number of votes in the Senate (2 votes for each state).

Question 39

What was the great compromise for the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and who was it designed by?

Answer 39

- Maine would become a state and be a Free -state. - Missouri would become a state and allow slavery. - It was designed by Henry Clay.

Question 40

What is the 36 degree north parallel?

Answer 40

It would serve as a dividing line between slave and free states. All future states created North of that line would be free, South of that line would be slave.

Question 41

The belief that the wealthy elite should not dominate politics

Answer 41

Jacksonian Democracy

Question 42

What did the 1828 election allow?

Answer 42

Most states allowed white males who did not own land to vote

Question 43

What did Jackson characterized himself as?

Answer 43

the "common man"

Question 44

Who was the first president to use the Spoils System?

Answer 44

Andrew Jackson

Question 45

The practice of giving government jobs to loyal supporters, even if they had no qualifications for the position.

Answer 45

Spoils System

Question 46

Who supported the Second National Bank?

Answer 46

The North, South, and West all supported the strengthening of the National Bank.

Question 47

Who did not support the National Bank?

Answer 47

President Jackson did not support this action.

Question 48

In 1830, Congress passed what Act?

Answer 48

the Indian Removal Act to provide funds, negotiate treaties, and move Indians west.

Question 49

What court case related to the Indian Removal Act?

Answer 49

Worcester v. Georgia

Question 50

Was there resistance due to the Indian Removal Act? If so, give an example

Answer 50

Yes, some tribes, such as the Seminoles (Florida), fought militarily and lost.

Question 51

What did the Supreme Court (Chief Justice John Marshall) rule for the Worcester v Georgia case?

Answer 51

That Native Americans were sovereign in their own territory and that states such as Georgia had no jurisdiction there.

Question 52

What were President Jackson opinions and what did he say on the Supreme Court rule for the Worcester v. Georgia case?

Answer 52

He refused to abide by the Court’s decision and famously said, “John Marshall had made his decision, now let him enforce it.”

Question 53

The 800 mile trip was made mostly on foot during the winter and resulted in the deaths of a quarter of their tribe.

Answer 53

Trail of Tears

Question 54

What were regional issues in the North?

Answer 54

- Wanted high tariffs to protect domestic industry. - Were against the expansion of slavery

Question 55

What were regional issues in the South?

Answer 55

- Were against a high tariff - Wanted slavery to expand into the new western territories and states.

Question 56

What were regional issues in the West?

Answer 56

- Wanted land prices to stay cheap - Wanted internal improvements

Question 57

What are the events due to? - In 1828, Congress passed a tariff to keep out British imports and help Northern industries. - South Carolina used the states’ rights argument (based on the 10th Amendment) to declare the tariff “null and void” - Some in SC even considered seceding (withdrawing) from the Union (United States).

Answer 57

Nullification Crisis

Question 58

A state’s rights come before the nation’s rights.

Answer 58

The States' Rights Theory

Question 59

What occurred before the Civil War?

Answer 59

The antebellum period

Question 60

A time when religion came back to the forefront, and people were encouraged to become socially active and impact society through good works.

Answer 60

The antebellum period

Question 61

What reform movement is this? - prohibit the drinking of alcohol, - Many women got their start in activism

Answer 61

Temperance Movement

Question 62

Who believed in having public compulsory education?

Answer 62

Horace Mann

Question 63

Who believed many prisoners suffered from mental illness and sought to get mental hospitals established to help such prisoners?

Answer 63

Dorothea Dix

Question 64

What was the goal of the Abolitionist Movement?

Answer 64

To have slavery abolished in America.

Question 65

The abolitionist movement first developed among WHO?

Answer 65

Quakers (believed everyone had inner light)

Question 66

- Was a religious revival movement in the early 1800s. - It was national in scope and contributed to the development of reform movements that further divided the nation.

Answer 66

The Great Awakening

Question 67

Abolitionists included African Americans named?

Answer 67

- Nat Turner - Frederick Douglass - Harriet Tubman

Question 68

Some abolitionists were white named?

Answer 68

- William Lloyd Garrison - Grimke Sisters - Harriet Beecher Stowe - John Brown

Question 69

Who wrote a newspaper called The Liberator?

Answer 69

William Lloyd Garrison

Question 70

Who wrote Uncles Tom's Cabin?

Answer 70

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Question 71

What is a major action during the abolitionist movement?

Answer 71

Led rebellions

Question 72

Who led a rebellion.... - in 1831 with 80 followers - 60 whites were killed before the rebellion ended. - In retaliation, almost 200 blacks, most with no connection to the rebellion, were killed.

Answer 72

Nat Turner

Question 73

Why Southerners argued that slavery good?

Answer 73

They argued that it was a “positive good” because slaves were better off than industrial workers in the North.

Question 74

The culture and customs of the day required married women to limit their duties to housework and child care

Answer 74

Cult of Domesticity

Question 75

What were women's rights in the mid-1800s?

Answer 75

Women had few legal rights: couldn’t vote, sit on juries, or even have guardianship of their own children

Question 76

Sarah and Angelina Grimke

Answer 76

Women Abolitionists - Middle-class white women were inspired by religion (Second Great Awakening) and joined reform movements.

Question 77

In 1848, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott held a women’s rights conference called the....?

Answer 77

Seneca Falls Convention.

Question 78

“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men AND women are created equal.”

Answer 78

Declaration of Sentiments

Question 79

The belief that Americans had God-Given right to all the land in North America

Answer 79

Manifest Destiny

Question 80

What was claimed by the United States and Great Britain that was a joint occupation rights until a treaty was negotiated in the 1840s?

Answer 80

Oregon Country

Question 81

How did Westward movement impact enslaved African Americans?

Answer 81

Slave owners took only part of their human property with them on the trek west and left the rest of a slave family behind.

Question 82

WHO formed the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) in NY?

Answer 82

Joseph Smith

Question 83

Why was Joseph Smith followers getting attacked as they settle in Illinois?

Answer 83

Their belief in polygamy (multiple wives).

Question 84

WHO was Smith’s successor, led the Mormons west to escape religious persecution?

Answer 84

Brigham Young