Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are some role transitions into adulthood?

A

Completing education
Beginning full time employment
Establishing independent household
Getting married
Becoming a parent

VARIES, not all experience

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2
Q

what are 6 features of Emerging Adulthood?

A

Identity exploration (figuring yourself out)
Instability (repeated residence changes)
Self-focus (What, where, who w/o family & career pressures)
Feeling in between (beginning to take responsibility)
Possibilities (optimistic about love, life, career, etc.)
Heterogeneity (diverse paths)

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3
Q

what stage did Erikson say was young adulthood?

A

intimacy vs. isolation

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4
Q

what are two common trends with personalities in young adults when figuring out their future?

A

Scenario
-Plan or path for expectations about future
-What will my life be like in 10 years

Social Clock
-Putting times with your future scenario
-EX: Married by 25, kids by 27

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5
Q

what four things do young adults peak in physically?

A

strength
coordination
dexterity
sensory acuity

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6
Q

examples of things that are threats to the physical well-being of young adults

A

Smoking
binge drinking
poor nutrition
obesity
low SES
low education level
ethnicity

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7
Q

what is Piaget mean by postformal thought?

A

Relies on subjective experience, intuition, and logic

Thinking is flexible
-Truth may vary across situations

Many causes and possible solutions
-Integrate emotion with logic (how you feel about decisions)
-Abstract reasoning and practical considerations

Pragmatic
-Choose best solution, given criteria

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8
Q

what are Sternberg’s 3 components of love?

A

Passion
-Physical and psychological arousal component (sexual attraction)

Intimacy
-Emotional components, can share all thoughts and feelings with another

Commitment
-Willingness to stay with person through good & bad times (cognitive component)

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9
Q

what is love like early in a relationship?

A

Passion is high, infatuation, passionate love

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10
Q

what is love like later in a relationship?

A

Intimacy, commitment, companionate love
-relationship is likely to end here

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11
Q

what is Assortative Mating?

A

People find partners based on similarity
-Religion, physical traits, age, SES, intelligence, politics, personality

Physical proximity & timing (social clock) important
-BIRDS OF A FEATHER FLOCK TOGETHER

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12
Q

what is Singlehood?

A

Temporarily single (looking for suitable partner)

Choosing to remain single

Enjoy freedom & flexibility

May be lonely, dissatisfied with dating and limited social life, less secure

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13
Q

what is Cohabitation?

A

Unmarried couple living together
-Becoming more common among couples with committed, intimate relationships
-Cheaper, more accepted

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14
Q

what are three types of cohabitation?

A

Part-time / limited cohabitation
-Based on convenience and sexual accessibility
-No long term commitment!
-Financially, lonely

Premarital cohabitation
-Trial marriage

Substitute marriage
-Long term commitment without legal marriage

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15
Q

what are the trends of Marital satisfaction?

A

-high early on and after kids leave
-declines with time and birth of kids

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16
Q

what are the average ages of marriage in men and women?

A

Men: 28.7 yrs
Women: 26.5 yrs

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17
Q

what are three factors that help marriages succeed?

A

Level of psychosocial development
-Intimacy difficult unless both partners have strong sense of identity

Homogamy
-Similar values and interests

Equity
-Feeling relationship is equal
-Exchange theory

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18
Q

what is the exchange theory?

A

Both partners perceive fair exchange in the relationship for needs

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19
Q

how does waiting to have kids impact the fathers involvement?

A

The later you wait to have kids, the more involved fathers will be in raising
-Work-life balance

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20
Q

what is correlated with job satisfaction?

A

age!
-does not cause!!

21
Q

what are some third variables for age and job satisfaction being correlated?

A

Self-selection (able to pick the job you love)
Focus on other aspects of life (not so serious)
Changing responsibilities at work & home

22
Q

what are occupational transitions?

A

People willingly change their career path

Others have no choice when their job is eliminated for one of several reasons

23
Q

what are some pros and cons of occupational transitions?

A

CONS: depression, financial stress, lost identity, moving
Impacts middle-aged adults the most!

PROS: explore better options, new relationships

24
Q

what are two types of job stress?

A

burnout
alienation

25
what is burnout?
depletion of energy & motivation due to pace & pressure of job
26
what are some ways to cope with burnout?
Reduce stress Enhance communication & flexibility Modify expectations of self Work / life balance
27
what is alienation?
you don’t feel valued in your position -Common in manufacturing (simple tasks), EMT (hands off patient, doesn't get praise)
28
what is Glass Ceiling?
Level behind which women & minorities may not rise -Fewer women and minorities in executive positions -Women earn less than men for the same job
29
how do men and women's ideal number of work hours change with kids?
-women want to vary their work hours -men want to stay the same
30
why do women want to vary their work hours with kids?
Women juggle multiple roles -Perform majority of household chores, regardless of employment status -Balance important to minimize work-family conflict
31
what are the top two priorities in their life for a 25-34yr, 35-54yr, 55-65yr, 70-84yr, and 85-100yr?
25-34yr: work, friends 35-54yr: family, work 55-65yr: family, health 70-84yr: family, health 85-100yr: health, family
32
what is Senescence?
decline caused by aging
33
what are some physical changes during decline senescence?
Wrinkles & age spots Grey hair Baldness Weight gain (metabolism slows) Join stiffness Loss of bone mass (osteoporosis)
34
what are changes in middle adult women reproduction?
climacteric: decrease in ability to produce children -menopause: decrease in estrogen -replacement therapy is BAD
35
what are changes in middle adult men reproduction?
-quantity & quality of sperm decreases -replacement therapy is GOOD
36
what is the cognitive development like for middle adults?
-high-level skills (expertise, flexibility) -practical intelligence (changing a tire) -lifelong learning
37
what is the Seattle Project?
when does cognition decrease? -sequential research -22-70yr olds were given cognitive tests -cross-sectional & longitudinal data was different
38
what was the conclusion of the Seattle Project?
most cognitive during 50s -gradual decrease after
39
what was the cross-sectional & longitudinal data different?
Cohort Effects -inference doesn't align with longitudinal
40
what is personality like for middle adults?
-stable for at least 12 years -midlife crisis not supported -priorities change (generativity, stagnation)
41
what is generativity?
helping those younger than you
42
what is stagnation?
not helping others, self-focus
43
what are the family dynamics for middle adults?
parent-child relationship increases as young adults -sandwich generation
44
what is sandwich generation?
-children eventually take care of parents -daughters are more likely
45
what are the demographics of elders?
people are living longer (better healthcare, better educated) -elders have more political & economic power
46
what is the third age? (the young old)
60-80yrs -have a lot to look forward to -cognitive & emotional processes intact
47
what is the fourth age? (the oldest old)
over 80yrs -limits in daily functioning -cognitive level decreases -chronic stress -dementia
48
what two things happen to the neurons in elders? describe the difference
neurofibrillary tangles: axons twisted together neuritic plaques: dead neurons around protein core