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Developmental Psychology > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are some role transitions into adulthood?

A

Completing education
Beginning full time employment
Establishing independent household
Getting married
Becoming a parent

VARIES, not all experience

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2
Q

what are 6 features of Emerging Adulthood?

A

Identity exploration (figuring yourself out)
Instability (repeated residence changes)
Self-focus (What, where, who w/o family & career pressures)
Feeling in between (beginning to take responsibility)
Possibilities (optimistic about love, life, career, etc.)
Heterogeneity (diverse paths)

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3
Q

what stage did Erikson say was young adulthood?

A

intimacy vs. isolation

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4
Q

what are two common trends with personalities in young adults when figuring out their future?

A

Scenario
-Plan or path for expectations about future
-What will my life be like in 10 years

Social Clock
-Putting times with your future scenario
-EX: Married by 25, kids by 27

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5
Q

what four things do young adults peak in physically?

A

strength
coordination
dexterity
sensory acuity

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6
Q

examples of things that are threats to the physical well-being of young adults

A

Smoking
binge drinking
poor nutrition
obesity
low SES
low education level
ethnicity

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7
Q

what is Piaget mean by postformal thought?

A

Relies on subjective experience, intuition, and logic

Thinking is flexible
-Truth may vary across situations

Many causes and possible solutions
-Integrate emotion with logic (how you feel about decisions)
-Abstract reasoning and practical considerations

Pragmatic
-Choose best solution, given criteria

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8
Q

what are Sternberg’s 3 components of love?

A

Passion
-Physical and psychological arousal component (sexual attraction)

Intimacy
-Emotional components, can share all thoughts and feelings with another

Commitment
-Willingness to stay with person through good & bad times (cognitive component)

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9
Q

what is love like early in a relationship?

A

Passion is high, infatuation, passionate love

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10
Q

what is love like later in a relationship?

A

Intimacy, commitment, companionate love
-relationship is likely to end here

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11
Q

what is Assortative Mating?

A

People find partners based on similarity
-Religion, physical traits, age, SES, intelligence, politics, personality

Physical proximity & timing (social clock) important
-BIRDS OF A FEATHER FLOCK TOGETHER

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12
Q

what is Singlehood?

A

Temporarily single (looking for suitable partner)

Choosing to remain single

Enjoy freedom & flexibility

May be lonely, dissatisfied with dating and limited social life, less secure

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13
Q

what is Cohabitation?

A

Unmarried couple living together
-Becoming more common among couples with committed, intimate relationships
-Cheaper, more accepted

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14
Q

what are three types of cohabitation?

A

Part-time / limited cohabitation
-Based on convenience and sexual accessibility
-No long term commitment!
-Financially, lonely

Premarital cohabitation
-Trial marriage

Substitute marriage
-Long term commitment without legal marriage

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15
Q

what are the trends of Marital satisfaction?

A

-high early on and after kids leave
-declines with time and birth of kids

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16
Q

what are the average ages of marriage in men and women?

A

Men: 28.7 yrs
Women: 26.5 yrs

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17
Q

what are three factors that help marriages succeed?

A

Level of psychosocial development
-Intimacy difficult unless both partners have strong sense of identity

Homogamy
-Similar values and interests

Equity
-Feeling relationship is equal
-Exchange theory

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18
Q

what is the exchange theory?

A

Both partners perceive fair exchange in the relationship for needs

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19
Q

how does waiting to have kids impact the fathers involvement?

A

The later you wait to have kids, the more involved fathers will be in raising
-Work-life balance

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20
Q

what is correlated with job satisfaction?

A

age!
-does not cause!!

21
Q

what are some third variables for age and job satisfaction being correlated?

A

Self-selection (able to pick the job you love)
Focus on other aspects of life (not so serious)
Changing responsibilities at work & home

22
Q

what are occupational transitions?

A

People willingly change their career path

Others have no choice when their job is eliminated for one of several reasons

23
Q

what are some pros and cons of occupational transitions?

A

CONS: depression, financial stress, lost identity, moving
Impacts middle-aged adults the most!

PROS: explore better options, new relationships

24
Q

what are two types of job stress?

A

burnout
alienation

25
Q

what is burnout?

A

depletion of energy & motivation due to pace & pressure of job

26
Q

what are some ways to cope with burnout?

A

Reduce stress
Enhance communication & flexibility
Modify expectations of self
Work / life balance

27
Q

what is alienation?

A

you don’t feel valued in your position
-Common in manufacturing (simple tasks), EMT (hands off patient, doesn’t get praise)

28
Q

what is Glass Ceiling?

A

Level behind which women & minorities may not rise
-Fewer women and minorities in executive positions
-Women earn less than men for the same job

29
Q

how do men and women’s ideal number of work hours change with kids?

A

-women want to vary their work hours
-men want to stay the same

30
Q

why do women want to vary their work hours with kids?

A

Women juggle multiple roles
-Perform majority of household chores, regardless of employment status
-Balance important to minimize work-family conflict

31
Q

what are the top two priorities in their life for a 25-34yr, 35-54yr, 55-65yr, 70-84yr, and 85-100yr?

A

25-34yr: work, friends
35-54yr: family, work
55-65yr: family, health
70-84yr: family, health
85-100yr: health, family

32
Q

what is Senescence?

A

decline caused by aging

33
Q

what are some physical changes during decline senescence?

A

Wrinkles & age spots
Grey hair
Baldness
Weight gain (metabolism slows)
Join stiffness
Loss of bone mass (osteoporosis)

34
Q

what are changes in middle adult women reproduction?

A

climacteric: decrease in ability to produce children
-menopause: decrease in estrogen
-replacement therapy is BAD

35
Q

what are changes in middle adult men reproduction?

A

-quantity & quality of sperm decreases
-replacement therapy is GOOD

36
Q

what is the cognitive development like for middle adults?

A

-high-level skills (expertise, flexibility)
-practical intelligence (changing a tire)
-lifelong learning

37
Q

what is the Seattle Project?

A

when does cognition decrease?
-sequential research
-22-70yr olds were given cognitive tests
-cross-sectional & longitudinal data was different

38
Q

what was the conclusion of the Seattle Project?

A

most cognitive during 50s
-gradual decrease after

39
Q

what was the cross-sectional & longitudinal data different?

A

Cohort Effects
-inference doesn’t align with longitudinal

40
Q

what is personality like for middle adults?

A

-stable for at least 12 years
-midlife crisis not supported
-priorities change (generativity, stagnation)

41
Q

what is generativity?

A

helping those younger than you

42
Q

what is stagnation?

A

not helping others, self-focus

43
Q

what are the family dynamics for middle adults?

A

parent-child relationship increases as young adults
-sandwich generation

44
Q

what is sandwich generation?

A

-children eventually take care of parents
-daughters are more likely

45
Q

what are the demographics of elders?

A

people are living longer (better healthcare, better educated)
-elders have more political & economic power

46
Q

what is the third age? (the young old)

A

60-80yrs
-have a lot to look forward to
-cognitive & emotional processes intact

47
Q

what is the fourth age? (the oldest old)

A

over 80yrs
-limits in daily functioning
-cognitive level decreases
-chronic stress
-dementia

48
Q

what two things happen to the neurons in elders? describe the difference

A

neurofibrillary tangles: axons twisted together
neuritic plaques: dead neurons around protein core

Developmental Psychology (6 decks)

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