Unit 3.6 - Specific Cellular Responses Flashcards

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1
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

The white blood cells involved in the specific immune response

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2
Q

What do you lymphocytes respond to?

A

Specific antigens on the invading pathogen

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3
Q

Explain clonal selection theory

A

Lymphocyte with a specific membrane receptors recognises and binds with a specific antigen

The specific lymphocyte divide to produce many identical lymphocytes clones with that receptor site

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4
Q

What does the antigen binding to the sites lead to?

A

Repeated division of the lymphocyte, resulting in a clonal population of identical lymphocytes

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5
Q

What are antigens?

A

Molecules located on the surface of cells that trigger a specific immune response

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6
Q

Explain the role of T lymphocytes

A

T lymphocytes destroy infected body tissue
They recognise the foreign antigens of the pathogens which are displayed on the membrane of cells they have infected
T lymphocytes bind to these antigen specifically and release proteins which diffused into the infected cell
These proteins cause the sale to produce self-destructive enzymes which causes cell death (apoptosis)
The remains of the cells are then removed by phagocytosis

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7
Q

What is a auto immune disease?

A

A failure by T lymphocytes to recognise self antigens

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8
Q

What happens in autoimmunity?

A

The T lymphocytes attack the body’s own cells

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9
Q

What are examples of autoimmune diseases?

A

Type 1 diabetes

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10
Q

What do B lymphocytes produce?

A

Antibodies against antigens and this leads to the destruction of the pathogen

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11
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Y shaped proteins that have receptor binding sites specific to a particular antigen on a pathogen
Antibodies become bound to antigens, inactivating the pathogen
The resulting antigen - antibody complex can then be destroyed by phagocytes

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12
Q

What do B lymphocytes secrete?

A

Antibodies into the lymph and blood that make their way to the infected area

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13
Q

What is an allergy?

A

A normally harmless hypersensitivity by B lymphocytes to an antigen

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14
Q

What are memory cells

A

B and T lymphocytes produced as a result of clonal selection that survived long term

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15
Q

What can memory cells do?

A

When a secondary exposure to the same antigen is occurs they can rapidly give rise to a new clone of specific lymphocytes that destroy the invading pathogen is before the individual shows symptoms

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16
Q

What do the presence of memory cells result in?

A

A more rapid and greater secondary immune response

17
Q

What does HIV do and what does it cost?

A

Attacks and destroys T lymphocytes

HIV causes depletion of T lymphocytes which leads to the development of AIDS

18
Q

What do individuals with AIDS have?

A

Weakened immune system and so are more vulnerable to infection