Unit 3.3 - Memory Flashcards
What is memory?
Encoding, storage and retrieval of information
What do memories include?
Past experiences, knowledge and thoughts
What happens to all information that enters the brain?
It passes through sensory memory and enters short-term memory, information as then either transferred to long-term memory or is discarded
What does the sensory memory retain?
All the visual and auditory input received for a few seconds
What is encoded into the short term memory?
Only selected images and sounds
What does short-term memory have?
A limited capacity and hold information for a short time
How can the capacity of short term memory be improved using chunking?
Chunking can increase memory span by organising information of the smaller units into a chunk, as chunks are easier to remember
How does rehearsal of information improve retention within the short term memory?
Rehearsal involves repeating information to yourself many times, this extends the length of time the information is held in the short term memory and increases the chance of it it will be transferred to the long-term memory
Explain the serial position affect?
Most recent items recalled are still in the short term memory, items in the middle of sequence have been displaced or discarded, first item is recalled as transferred to long-term memory by process of rehearsal
What does the long-term memory have and do?
Has an unlimited capacity and holds information for a long time
How can information be transferred from short-term memory to long-term memory?
By rehearsal, organisation and elaboration
What is rehearsal?
The repetition of items, it’s regarded as a shallow form of encoding information into long term memory
What is the organisation of memories?
The grouping together of similar information
What is elaboration?
Adding meaning to information, it’s regarded as a deeper form of encoding which leads to improved information retention
What is the retrieval of memories aided by?
The use of contextual cues
