Unit 1.2 - Structure + Replication Of DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the structure of DNA

A
  • Made up of nucleotides (deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and base)
  • Sugar phosphate backbone
  • Base pairing ( A+T and G+C)
  • Base pairs held together by hydrogen bonds
  • Double stranded anti parallel structure
  • Deoxyribose at 3’ end and phosphate at 5’ ends of each strand
  • Forming a double helix
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2
Q

What happened prior to cell division?

A

DNA is replicated by a DNA polymerase is DNA polymerase needs primers to start replication

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3
Q

What is a primer?

A

A short strand of nucleotides which binds to the three prime end of the templates DNA strand allowing polymerase to add DNA nucleotides

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4
Q

What are some practical applications of PCR?

A

DNA can be amplified to help solve crimes, settle paternity suits and diagnose genetic disorders

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5
Q

What is PCR?

A

PCR amplifies DNA using complimentary primers for specific target sequences

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6
Q

Describe DNA replication

A
  • DNA is unwound and hydrogen bonds between bases are broken to form two template strands
  • DNA polymerase adds DNA nucleotides using complimentary base pairing to the deoxyribose three prime end of the new DNA strand which is forming
  • DNA polymerase can only add DNA nucleotides in at five prime to 3 prime direction
  • Resulting in the leading Strand being replicated continuously and the lagging strand is being replicated in fragments
  • Fragments of DNA are joined together by ligand
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7
Q

Describe the amplification of DNA sequences in PCR

A
  • DNA is heated to between 92 and 98° to separate the complimentary strand
  • It’s them cooled to between 50 and 65° to allow primers to bind to specific target sequences
  • It is then heated to between 70 and 80° for heat tolerant DNA polyamory is to replicate the region of DNA
  • Repeated cycles of heating and cooling amplify the region of DNA
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