Unit 2.8 - Obesity + Diabetes

Question 1

Explain the role of exercise and reducing obesity and CVD

Answer 1

Exercise increases energy expenditure and preserves Lean tissue
Exercise can help to reduce risk factors for CVD by keeping wait under control, minimising stress, reducing hypertension and improving blood lipids profiles

Question 2

How do pancreatic receptors decrease blood glucose concentration?

Answer 2

Pancreatic receptors respond to raised blood glucose levels by increasing secretion of insulin from the pancreas.
Insulin activates the conversion of a course to glycogen in the liver decrease in blood glucose concentration

Question 3

How do pancreatic receptors lead to an increase in blood glucose concentration?

Answer 3

Pancreatic receptors response to Lord blood glucose levels by increasing secretion of glucagon from the pancreas

Question 4

What does chronic elevation of blood glucose levels lead to?

Answer 4

The endothelial cells taking in more glucose than normal, damaging the blood vessels.
Atherosclerosis May develop leading to cardiovascular disease, stroke or peripheral vascular disease.
Small blood vessels damaged by elevated glucose levels may result in haemorrhage or blood vessels in the retinal, renal failure or peripheral nerve dysfunction

Question 5

What happens to blood glucose concentration during exercise and fight or flight responses?

Answer 5

Blood glucose concentration are raised by adrenaline, released from the adrenal glands, stimulating glucagon secretion and inhibiting insulin secretion

Question 6

Describe type one diabetes

Answer 6

Usually occurs in childhood, individual with type one is unable to produce insulin and can be treated with regular doses of insulin

Question 7

Describe Type II diabetes

Answer 7

Typically develops later in life, likelihood of developing it as increased by being overweight

Question 8

Explain Type II diabetes

Answer 8

Individuals produce insulin but their cells are less sensitive to it, this insulin resistance as linked to a decrease in the number of insulin receptors in the liver, leading to a failure to convert glucose to glucagon

Question 9

What happens in both types of diabetes?

Answer 9

Individuals blood glucose concentrations will rise rapidly after a meal. The kidneys will remove some of the school of course, resulting in glucose appearing in urine. Testing urine for glucose is often used as an indicator of diabetes

Question 10

Describe glucose tolerance test’s?

Answer 10

Blood glucose concentration of the individual are initially measured after fasting.
The individual then drinks a glucose solution and changes in their blood glucose concentration are measured for at least the next two hours.
The blood glucose concentration of a diabetic usually starts at a higher level than that of a non-diabetic.
During the test a diabetics blood will cause concentration increases to much higher level than that of a non-diabetic and takes longer to return to its starting concentration

Question 11

What is obesity a major risk factor for?

Answer 11

Cardiovascular disease and type two diabetes

Question 12

What is obesity characterised by?

Answer 12

Excess body fat in relation to lean body tissues such as muscle

Question 13

What can a body mass index do?

Answer 13

Used to measure obesity, can wrong we classify muscular individuals as obese

Question 14

How do you calculate BMI?

Answer 14

Bodyweight divided by hieght squared

Question 15

What BMI indicates obesity?

Answer 15

Over 30

Question 16

Explain the role of diet in reducing obesity and CVD?

Answer 16

Obesity is linked to high-fat diets and a decrease in physical activity. The energy intake in the diet should limit fats and three sugars, as fats have a high calorific value paragraph and three sugars require no metabolic energy to be expended in their digestion