Unit 3.5 Terms to Know

Question 1

Mehmed II

Answer 1

Ottoman Sultan called “The Conqueror” responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1454; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire

Question 2

Jannissaries

Answer 2

Ottoman infantry division that dominated Ottoman armies; forcibly conscripted as boys in conquered areas of Balkans, legally slaves; translated military surface to political influence, particularly in 1400s

Question 3

vizier

Answer 3

Ottoman equivilent of the Abbasid wazir; head of the Ottoman bureaucracy, after 5th century often had mroe power than the sultan

Question 4

Constantinople

Answer 4

restored to become center of Muslim area, mosques, lots of trade

Question 5

Battle of Lepanto

Answer 5

Naval defeat of Ottomans in CYPRUSSSSS

Question 6

Chaldiran

Answer 6

Site of battle between Safavids and Ottomans; checked western advance of Safavid Empire.

Question 7

Babur

Answer 7

Founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; first led invasion of India in 1526; died in 1530

Question 8

Akbar the Great

Answer 8

Safavid ruler from 1587-1629; extended Safavid domains to greatest extent; created slave regiments based on captured Russians; monopolized firearms within Safavid armies; incorporated Western military tech

Question 9

Jahangir

Answer 9

Mughal ruler, peace and cultural flourishing, no expansion, liked luxury

Question 10

Din-i-Ilahi

Answer 10

Religion initiated by Akbar in Mughal India; blended elements of many faiths of the subcontinent; key to efforts to reconcile Hindus and Muslims in India but failed.

Question 11

sati/purdah

Answer 11

suicide practice of women/seculusion of women in homes- Akbar in Mughal India attempted to stop

Question 12

Aurangzeb

Answer 12

Mughal emperor known for religions zealotry, too much expansion, extreme Muslim, no Hinduism allowed, last emperor

Question 13

Taj Mahal

Answer 13

Most famous architectural achievement of Mughal India; originally built as a mausoleum for the wife of Shah Jahan, Mumtaz Mahal

Question 14

Sikhs

Answer 14

Sect in northwest India; early leaders tried to bridge differences between Hindu and Muslim, but Mughal persecution led to anti-Muslim feeling.

Question 15

Hongwu

Answer 15

First Ming emperor in 1368; originally of peasant lineage; original name Zhu Yuanzhang; drove out Mongol influence; restored position of scholargenty.

Question 16

Scholar-gentry

Answer 16

Chinese class created by the marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi; superseded shi as governors of China.

Question 17

Macao/Canton

Answer 17

ports in which Europeans were permitted to trade in China during the Ming dynasty.

Question 18

Zheng He

Answer 18

Muslim eunuch who sailed around southeast asia coast on huge boats on expeditions for Ming China

Question 19

Nobunaga

Answer 19

Japanese daimyo; first to make extensive use of firearms; in 1573 deposed last of Ashikaga shoguns; unified much of central Honshu under his command; killed in 1582.; liked Christians

Question 20

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Answer 20

vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, succeeded him as most powerful military leader in Japan; granted title of Shogun in 1603 and established Tokugawa Shogunate; established political unity in Japan

Question 21

Deshimi

Answer 21

Island port in Nagasaki Bay; only port open to non-Japanese after closure of the islands in the 1640s; only Chinese and Dutch ships were permitted to enter.