Unit 3.5 Terms to Know Flashcards
Mehmed II
Ottoman Sultan called “The Conqueror” responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1454; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire
Jannissaries
Ottoman infantry division that dominated Ottoman armies; forcibly conscripted as boys in conquered areas of Balkans, legally slaves; translated military surface to political influence, particularly in 1400s
vizier
Ottoman equivilent of the Abbasid wazir; head of the Ottoman bureaucracy, after 5th century often had mroe power than the sultan
Constantinople
restored to become center of Muslim area, mosques, lots of trade
Battle of Lepanto
Naval defeat of Ottomans in CYPRUSSSSS
Chaldiran
Site of battle between Safavids and Ottomans; checked western advance of Safavid Empire.
Babur
Founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; first led invasion of India in 1526; died in 1530
Akbar the Great
Safavid ruler from 1587-1629; extended Safavid domains to greatest extent; created slave regiments based on captured Russians; monopolized firearms within Safavid armies; incorporated Western military tech
Jahangir
Mughal ruler, peace and cultural flourishing, no expansion, liked luxury
Din-i-Ilahi
Religion initiated by Akbar in Mughal India; blended elements of many faiths of the subcontinent; key to efforts to reconcile Hindus and Muslims in India but failed.
sati/purdah
suicide practice of women/seculusion of women in homes- Akbar in Mughal India attempted to stop
Aurangzeb
Mughal emperor known for religions zealotry, too much expansion, extreme Muslim, no Hinduism allowed, last emperor
Taj Mahal
Most famous architectural achievement of Mughal India; originally built as a mausoleum for the wife of Shah Jahan, Mumtaz Mahal
Sikhs
Sect in northwest India; early leaders tried to bridge differences between Hindu and Muslim, but Mughal persecution led to anti-Muslim feeling.
Hongwu
First Ming emperor in 1368; originally of peasant lineage; original name Zhu Yuanzhang; drove out Mongol influence; restored position of scholargenty.
Scholar-gentry
Chinese class created by the marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi; superseded shi as governors of China.
Macao/Canton
ports in which Europeans were permitted to trade in China during the Ming dynasty.
Zheng He
Muslim eunuch who sailed around southeast asia coast on huge boats on expeditions for Ming China
Nobunaga
Japanese daimyo; first to make extensive use of firearms; in 1573 deposed last of Ashikaga shoguns; unified much of central Honshu under his command; killed in 1582.; liked Christians
Tokugawa Ieyasu
vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, succeeded him as most powerful military leader in Japan; granted title of Shogun in 1603 and established Tokugawa Shogunate; established political unity in Japan
Deshimi
Island port in Nagasaki Bay; only port open to non-Japanese after closure of the islands in the 1640s; only Chinese and Dutch ships were permitted to enter.
