Unit 3 Terms To Knos

Question 1

Bartholomne de Las Casa

Answer 1

Dominican friar who supported peaceful conversion of the Native American population of the Spanish colonies;
Opposed forced labor and advocated indian rights

Question 2

Mita

Answer 2

Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the region
All communities expected to contribute
Essential aspect of Inca imperial control

Question 3

Mercantilism

Answer 3

Economic theory that stressed gov’s promotion of limitations of exports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues,
Popular during 17-18th century Europe

Question 4

Seven years war

Answer 4

Fought both in continental Europe and also in over seas colonies between 1756-1763;
Resulted in Prussian seizures of land from Austria, English seizures of colonies in India and North America

Question 5

Potosi

Answer 5

Mine located in upper Peru (modern Bolivia) largest of New World silver mines; produced 80% of all Peruvian silver

Question 6

Tenochtitlan

Answer 6

ounded c. 1325 on marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power; joined with Tlacopan and Texcoco in 1434 to form a triple alliance that controlled most of central plateau of Mesoamerica.

Question 7

chinampas

Answer 7

Bed of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create “floating islands”; system of irrigated agriculture utilized by Aztecs.

Question 8

quipu

Answer 8

ystem of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records.

Question 9

split inheritance

Answer 9

Inca practice of descent; all titles and political power went to successor, but wealth and land remained in hands of male descendants for support of cult of dead Inca’s mummy.

Question 10

Renaissance

Answer 10

Cultural and political movement in western Europe; began in Italy c. 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; featured a literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the Middle Ages.

Question 11

Vasco da Gama

Answer 11

Portuguese sailor that went around cape of good hope and tried to dominate indian ocean trade

Question 12

Henry the Navigator

Answer 12

Portuguese prince responsible for direction of series of expeditions along the African coast in the 15th century; marked beginning of Western European expansion.

Question 13

joint-stock company

Answer 13

british and east india companies, ompany that obtained government monopoly over trade in India; acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed.

Question 14

Calcutta

Answer 14

Headquarters of British East India Company in Bengal in Indian subcontinent; located on Ganges; captured in 1756 during early part of Seven Years’ War; later became administrative center for all of Bengal.

Question 15

humanism

Answer 15

Focus on humankind as center of intellectual and artistic endeavor; method of study that emphasized the superiority of classical forms over medieval styles, in particular the study of ancient languages.

Question 16

reformation

Answer 16

Restatement of traditional Catholic beliefs in response to Protestant Reformation (16th century); established councils that revived Catholic doctrine and refuted Protestant beliefs.

Question 17

Scientific Revolution

Answer 17

Culminated in 17th century; period of empirical advances associated with the development of wider theoretical generalizations; resulted in change in traditional beliefs of Middle Ages

Question 18

absolute monarchy

Answer 18

Concept of government developed during rise of nation-states in western Europe during the 17th century; featured monarchs who passed laws without parliaments, appointed professionalized state churches, imposed state economic policies.

Question 19

parliamentary monarchy

Answer 19

Originated in England and Holland, 17th century, with kings partially checked by significantly legislative powers in parliaments.

Question 20

Ivan III

Answer 20

lso known as Ivan the Great; prince of Duchy of Moscow; claimed descent from Rurik; responsible for freeing Russia from Mongols after 1462; took title of tsar or Caesar - equivalent of emperor.

Question 21

Ivan IV

Answer 21

Also known as Ivan the Terrible; confirmed power of tsarist autocracy by attacking authority of boyars (aristocrats); continued policy of Russian expansion; established contacts with Western European commerce and culture.

Question 22

Peter I

Answer 22

Also known as Peter the Great; son of Alexis Romanov; ruled from 1689 to 1725; continued growth of absolutism and conquest; included more definite interest in changing selected aspects of economy and culture through imitation of Western European models.

Question 23

Catherine the Great

Answer 23

German-born Russian tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightenment rule; accepted Western cultural influence; maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry.

Question 24

encomienda

Answer 24

Grants of Indian laborers made to Spanish conquers and settlers in Mesoamerican and South America; basis for earliest forms of coerced labor in Spanish colonies.

Question 25

columbian exchange

Answer 25

Biological and ecological exchange that took place following Spanish establishment of colonies in New World; peoples of Europe and Africa came to New World; animals, plants, and diseases of two hemispheres were transferred.

Question 26

Council of Indies

Answer 26

Body within the Castilian government that issued all laws and advised king on all matters dealing with the Spanish colonies of the New World.

Question 27

Peninsulares

Answer 27

People living in New World Spanish colonies but born in Spain.

Question 28

Creoles

Answer 28

White born in the New World; dominated local Latin American economies; ranked just beneath peninsulares.

Question 29

factories

Answer 29

Portuguese trading fortresses and compounds with resident merchants; utilized throughout Portuguese trading empire to assure secure landing places and commerce.

Question 30

Royal African Company

Answer 30

Chartered in 1660s to establish a monopoly over the slave trade among British merchants; supplied African slaves to colonies in Barbados, Jamaica, and Virginia.

Question 31

triangle trade

Answer 31

trade between Africa, Europe, and Americas- goods, food, slaves, ect.

Question 32

Zulu

Answer 32

Empire in Africa that resisted settlement moved farther north as Dutch and Portuguese came to south africa

Question 33

Asante

Answer 33

stablished in Gold Coast among Akan people settled around Kumasi; dominated by Oyoko clan; many clans linked under Osei Tutu after 1650.

Question 34

Dahomey

Answer 34

Kingdom developed among Fon or Aja peoples in 17th century; center at Abomey 70 miles from coast; under King Agaja expanded to control coastline and port of Whydah by 1727; accepted Western firearms and goods in return for African slaves.

Question 35

candomble

Answer 35

African religious ideas and practices in Brazil, particularly among the Yoruba people. - showed cultural syncretism of christian and african

Question 36

vodun

Answer 36

African religious ideas and practices among descendants of African slaves in Haiti. - shows cultural syncretism of christian and african

Question 37

Calcutta

Answer 37

Headquarters of British East India Company in Bengalin in India located on Gages;
Captured in 1756 during early part of Seven Years War,
Later became administrative center for all of Benegal