Unit 2 Terms To Know

Question 1

Jizya

Answer 1

Head tax paid by all nonbelievers in Islamic territories

Question 2

Mecca

Answer 2

City located in mountainous region along Red Sea in The Arabian Penninsula; formed by Umayyad clan of Quraysh; site of Ka’ab; original home of Muhammad; location of chief religious pilgrimage point in Islam

Question 3

Dhimmi

Answer 3

Literally “people of the book”; adopted as inclusive term for Jews and Christians; later extended to Zoroastrians and Hindus

Question 4

Bhaktic cults

Answer 4

Hindu groups dedicated to gods and goddesses; stressed importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the god or goddess who was the object of their veneration; most widely worshiped gods were shiva and Vishnu

Question 5

Ibn Battuta

Answer 5

Arab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records

Question 6

Hagia Sophia

Answer 6

New church constructed in Constantinople during reign of Justinian

Question 7

Cyril and methodius

Answer 7

Missionaries sent by Byzantine gov to eastern Europe and the balkans; converted southern Russia an Balkans to orthodox Christianity; responsible for creation of written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic

Question 8

Vladimir 1

Answer 8

Ruler of Russian kingdom of Kiev from 180-1010; converted kingdom to Christianity by force

Question 9

Vikings

Answer 9

Sea going Scandinavian raiders from sweeten, Denmark, and Norway who disrupted coastal areas of Western Europe in the 700-1000s

Question 10

Manorialism

Answer 10

System that described the economic and political relationships between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; involved a hierarchy of reciprocal obligations that exchanged labor or rents for access to land

Question 11

Charlemagne

Answer 11

Charles the Great; caroligian monarch who established substantial empire in France and Germany around 800

Question 12

Magna Carta

Answer 12

Great charter issued by king John of Engla d jn 1215; confirmed feudal rights against monarchial claims; represented principle if mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy

Question 13

Urban II

Answer 13

Pope who called first crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to mount military assault to free the Holy Land from the Muslims

Question 14

Guilds

Answer 14

Sworn associations of people in the same business or craft in a single city; stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeships,, guaranteed good workmanship; often established franchise within cities

Question 15

Black Death

Answer 15

Plague that struck Europe in 1300s; significantly reduced Europe’s population; affected social structure

Question 16

Neo-Confucianism

Answer 16

Revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song era china; great impact on following dynasties; emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences.

Question 17

Grand Canal

Answer 17

Built in 7th c they during reign if Yangdi during Sui dynasty; designed to link the original centers of Chinese civilization on the north china plain with the Yangtze river asinine to the south; nearly 1200 miles long

Question 18

Junks

Answer 18

Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominate force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula

Question 19

Sui dyanasty

Answer 19

Short lived dynasty of China fro

581-618 that reunified Dynastic rule, before Tang. Restored examination system, made Grand Canal. Leader Yangdi

Question 20

Empress Wu

Answer 20

Tang ruler 690-705 in China; supported Buddhist establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statue of Buddha created

Question 21

Footbinding

Answer 21

Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women’s feat to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women’s movement; made it easier to confine to household

Question 22

Taika reforms

Answer 22

Attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an an absolute Chinese style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army

Question 23

Gempei wars

Answer 23

Waged for 5 years from 1180 in Japan on Honsu between Taira and Minamoto families

Question 24

Samauri

Answer 24

Mounted troops of Japanese warrior leaders (bushings) loyal to local lords, not the emperor

Question 25

Shogun

Answer 25

Military leaders of the Bakfu- Japanese military

Question 26

Daimyo

Answer 26

Warlord rulers of 300 small states following civil war and sirjltion of Ashikaga shogunate; holdings consolidated info unified and bounded mini-states

Question 27

Sinification

Answer 27

Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam

Question 28

Golden Horde

Answer 28

One of the four subdivisions of the Mongol empire after Chinggis khans death, originally filed by his grandson Batu, territory covered much of of what is today central russia

Question 29

Kubilai khan

Answer 29

Grandson of Chinggis khan, commander of Mongol forces responsible for conquest in China; became Ogaden jn 1260; established sinicized Mongol Yuan dynasty in 1271

Question 30

Timur

Answer 30

Also known as Tamerlane; leader of Turkic nomads beginning jn 1360s from base at Samerkand; launched series of attacks in Persia, the ferte cresent, India, and southern Russia, empire disintegrated after his death in 1405

Question 31

Chinggis khan

Answer 31

Born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul khan, elected khagan of all mongol tribes I'm 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China; territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227, prior to conquest of most of the Islamic world

Question 32

Marco polo

Answer 32

1254-1324 Italian traveler whose accounts of China spurred European interest in Asia, lived at palace of Kuhlai Khan