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Dental nurse exam revision > Unit 307 > Flashcards

Unit 307 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cavities are caused by..

A

Dental caries

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2
Q

In line with the GDC scope of practice document who is able to complete fillings?

A

Dentist or therapists

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3
Q

Who do we usually complete temporary restorations on…

A

Less co-operative patients
If a fixed is being considered - high caries risk, deep fill

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4
Q

Are temporary restorations also used as base liners?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Examples of temporary restorations…

A
  1. Zinc oxide and eugenol cement
  2. Zinc phosphate cement
  3. zinc polycarboxylate cement
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6
Q

Amalgam restorations are used in…

A

Posterior teeth

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7
Q

Composite restorations are used in….

A

Anterior teeth AESTHETIC purposes

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8
Q

Glass ionomer restorations are used in…

A

Deciduous teeth - fluoride release
Cavity sites where retention is difficult

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9
Q

Blacks Classification Class I

A

1 surface
Pits and fissures

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10
Q

Blacks Classification Class II

A

2 surfaces
Posterior teeth

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11
Q

Blacks Classification Class III

A

mesial or distal surface of anterior tooth

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12
Q

Blacks Classification Class IV

A

same as class III but also involves the incisal edge

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13
Q

Blacks Classification Class V

A

Cervical margin of any tooth

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14
Q

Examples of what cavity preparation will ensure:

A
  • Plaque biofilm and soft carious dentine is removed
    -As much enamel as possible is conserved
    -Base lines placed on deep fills
  • making sure of no overhangs
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15
Q

Caries is a….

A

Bacterial disease

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16
Q

What bacteria is involved with caries progression?

A

Streptoccus Mutans

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17
Q

Examples of plastic fillings:

A

Temporary cements
amalgam
glass ionomer cements
Composites

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18
Q

Examples of pre-constructed fillings:

A

INLAYS
Gold
Porcelain
other ceramic materials

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19
Q

Retention for plastic fillings is obtained by…

A

Cutting tiny grooves in the cavity walls

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20
Q

Dovetail effect means?

A

Grooving cavity walls to prevent the filling coming out mesially and distally.

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21
Q

self-tapping dentine pins for amalgam and other restorations.

A
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22
Q

what do linings do? - shallow cavity

A

protect the pulp against chemical irritation from the permanent fill material - calcium hydroxide

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23
Q

what do bases do? - deep cavity

A

protect the pulp against chemical irritation and thermal changes/pressures. - anything containing zinc.

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24
Q

What does microleakage mean?

A

fluid/debris/bacteria leak through microscopic gaps between the filling n cavity wall, enter the dentinal tubules and then contaminate the pulp tissue = irritation

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25
Q

Hydrodynamic theory is…

A

the swishing effect of fluids n bacteria washing the microscopic gaps.

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26
Q

Examples of modern lining:

A

Resin modified - fuji and vitrebond
Dentine bonding agents - scotchbond and clearfil

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27
Q

Examples of why moisture control is important:

A
  • inhalation/indigestion
    -patient is comfortable
  • good visability
    -retract oral tissues
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28
Q

Examples of methods to control moisture:

A
  • cotton wool rolls
    -absorbent oral inserts, dryguard, drydent (salivary duct)
    -rubber dam
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29
Q

High speed suction is used for…

A

fast removal of moisture
Wide bore aspirator

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30
Q

Low speed suction is used for…

A

continual moisture control
saliva ejector

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31
Q

Moisture control prevents cross infection by..

A

minimising the aerosol of infected debris

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32
Q

High speed handpiece uses which burs?

A

Friction grip diamond or tungsten carbide burs
Cut through enamel n dentine

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33
Q

Slow/low speed handpiece uses which burs and what are they made of?

A

Steel
Latch grip stainless steel or tungsten carbide burs
Friction grip stainless steel acyrlic trimming burs

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34
Q

What does a high speed do?

A

Quick removal of enamel, dentine and old fillings.

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35
Q

what does a slow speed do?

A

Removing caries, cutting dentine NOT enamel, trimming dentures

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36
Q

round shaped burs are used to:

A

gain access to cavities and at low speed for removing caries.

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37
Q

Pear shaped burs are used to:

A

shape and smooth cavities

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38
Q

fissure burs are used to:

A

shape and outline the cavity.

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39
Q

Examples of polishising instruments:

A

Comprise fine abrasive stones, wheels, discs, and strips
finishing burs, brushes and polishing pastes.

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40
Q

What are finishing burs and stones used for?

A

smoothing cavity margins and trimming fillings.

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41
Q

What are abrasive discs and strips used for?

A

fine trimming and polishing.

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42
Q

Conventional wheels and metal discs are fitted using what type of mandrel?

A

Huey

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43
Q

Sand paper discs and soflex discs are fitted using what type of mandrel?

A

Moore

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44
Q

Plain sandpaper discs are fitted using what type of mandrel?

A

Pinhead

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45
Q

What should hand instruments chisels and excavators be sharpened using?

A

Small flat oilstone - arkansas stone

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46
Q

On high risk patients are burs single use?

A

YES

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47
Q

Slow speed burs are single use

A
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48
Q

What does air abrasion do?

A

removes hard tissue, soft carious tissue or surface stains and abrade metal or composite restorations before repairs.

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49
Q

Reasons why temporary restorations are used?

A

Emergency, endo treatment, inlay prep, to allow symptomatic teeth to settle.

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50
Q

Zinc oxide and eugonel advantages?

A

CHEAP
sedative dressing

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51
Q

Zinc oxide and eugonel disadvantages?

A

reacts with composite restorations + can burn soft tissues

52
Q

Zinc phosphate advantages?

A

adhesive to dentine - luting cement
sets quickly and hard

53
Q

Zinc phosphate disadvantages?

A

irritant to the pulp + moisture sensitive

54
Q

Zinc polycarboxylate advantages?

A

Most adhesive cement

55
Q

Zinc polycarboxylate disadvantages?

A

sticks easily to instruments so difficult to place.

56
Q

For zinc phosphate what does a warm glass slab do?

A

accelerates the setting time

57
Q

For zinc phosphate what does a cold glass slab do?

A

slows down the setting time

58
Q

Calcium hydroxide lining is used during what procedures?

A

Pulp capping, pulpotomy, cavity lining, promotes formation of secondary dentine.
Shallow cavities

59
Q

Examples of permanent restoration materials:

A

amalgam, composite, glass ionomer.

60
Q

What is toxic in an amalgam restoration?

A

mercury

61
Q

The powdered alloy and liquid mercury mixed together in an amalgam filling creates what?

A

Plastic mass

62
Q

What is included in amalgam alloy powder?

A

Silver, copper, tin and zinc.

63
Q

Modern amalgams tend to have what?

A

High copper content

64
Q

Siqveland or tofflemire matrix are used for what type of cavities?

A

Class II

65
Q

Sectional matrix are used for what type of cavities?

A

All

66
Q

Wedges are to be used..

A

Interproximally

67
Q

Are all matrix bands single use?

A

YES

68
Q

What are amalgam finishing burs made of?

A

steel - low speed handpieces

69
Q

Why are matrix bands used?

A

To prevent overspill and to keep the interproximal margins open + to keep the shape of a tooth.

70
Q

Main advantages of amalgam:

A
  • easy to use
  • cheap
  • good strength, lasts a long time.
71
Q

Main disadvantages of amalgam:

A
  • mercury is toxic
  • corrosion in the environment
    -aesthetics are poor
72
Q

in relation to mercury vapour the higher the temperature..

A

the more vapour is released.

73
Q

Amalgam waste containers should be kept in a..

A

cool well ventilated place.

74
Q

Early symptoms of mercury poisoning include:

A
  • headache
  • fatigue
  • irritability
  • nausea
  • diarrhoea
75
Q

Final stage of mercury poisoning is:

A

kidney failure - death

76
Q

what tests can be carried out on staff to see if they have been exposed to high levels of mercury vapour?

A

urine tests

77
Q

Small amount of waste amalgam can be gathered by what?

A

damp paper towel

78
Q

in regards to large mercury spillages who will need to be informed?

A
  • environmental health team
  • HSE under RIDDOR
79
Q

What do composite materials consist of?

A

Inorganic filler in a resin binder

80
Q

What does inorganic filler act as?

A

A strengthener

81
Q

Does composite require a catalyst to set?

A

Yes

82
Q

Microfine composites

A

Very small particle size
Polishing and gloss finish
ANTERIOR

83
Q

Hybrid and nano composites

A

Various size particles
Strength n wear resistance
POSTERIOR

84
Q

Universal composite

A

Posterior and anterior
Combination

85
Q

What makes a catalyst in composite fillings?

A

Exposure to light

86
Q

Can blue light curing penetrate metal?

A

NO

87
Q

What is the name of the composite material that has been developed to chemically cure metallic restorations?

A

Dual cure composite

88
Q

Advanatge of light cure composite?

A

The dentist has more control over the setting time.

89
Q

What is a composite gun called?

A

Injector gun

90
Q

What is another option of giving the dentist composite rather than the injector gun to avoid cross contamination?

A

inject material onto a waxed pad or glass block

91
Q

what is the correct name of single dose capsules (composite)?

A

compoules

92
Q

Composite curing light cannot penetrate layers thicker than…

A

2mm

93
Q

Bulk-fill composites can go to a depth of..

A

4-5mm

94
Q

How can you check a curing lights effectiveness?

A

cure a small portion of composite on a glass block or mixing pad

95
Q

Which linings tend to be used for composite restorations?

A

Calcium hydroxide
glass ionomer

96
Q

What is the correct name for a clear strip?

A

transparent matrix strip

97
Q

acid etchant is…

A

phosphoric acid 33%

98
Q

how long is etch left on a tooth?

A

15 seconds

99
Q

what does acid etchant do?

A

roughens the enamel surface

100
Q

What can phosphic acid do?

A

acid burns and permanent scaring of a patients soft tissues, including facial skin.

101
Q

What is the best recommended permanent treatment for fractured incisors?

A

all ceramic crowns and porcelain jacket crowns

102
Q

A child comes in with a fractured incisor and a composite is necessasary to correct this, why cant the child have a crown?

A

Because the pulp chambers of deciduous teeth are too large and the pulp is likely to become damaged during a crown prep.

103
Q

What is the reasoning behind fissure sealant?

A

caries prevention measure.

104
Q

Where are the stagnation areas that fissure sealants would be needed?

A

occlusal fissures
buccal pits

105
Q

retention of fissure sealants is obtained by?

A

acid etching the pits or fissures

106
Q

if a child is to young to co-operate with fissure sealants what is another preventative for the time being?

A

fluoride varnish - duraphat

107
Q

what makes a filled resin?

A

resin + inorganic filler

108
Q

what makes a unfilled resin?

A

the resin on its own

109
Q

what material is used for fissure sealants?

A

unfilled resin

110
Q

what makes flowable composite?

A

resin + small amount of filler material

111
Q

what are flowable composites usually used for?

A

lining cavities

112
Q

examples of advantages of composite?

A

aesthetically pleasing
adhesive to tooth without having to remove more tooth tissue
fast set

113
Q

disadvantages of composite?

A

sensitive
longer procedure compared to amalgam
more expensive

114
Q

what does bond do?

A

bonds the dentine to composite

115
Q

can dentine bond be irritant to the pulp?

A

YES

116
Q

when are glass ionomer cement restorations used?

A

class V cavities
little natural retention of the restoration is available

117
Q

what is glass ionomer cement made of?

A

aluminosilicate particles and polyacrylic acid + water

118
Q

light curing glass ionomer cement is called?

A

resin modified glass ionomer cement

119
Q

why does resin modified glass ionomer use light cure to set?

A

because of the resin

120
Q

why is a “conditioner”, placed onto the cavity before the glass ionomer is?

A

increases the adhesion of the material to the tooth and improves the marginal seal.

121
Q

examples of “conditioner” in a glass ionomer restoration?

A

polyacrylic acid or tannic acid

122
Q

what type of matrix is used for restoring class V abrasion cavities?

A

cervical foil matrix

123
Q

advantages of glass ionomer?

A

adhesive to enamel, dentine n cementum
good marginal seal
releases fluoride

124
Q

disadvantages of glass ionomer?

A

low strength
moisture control - failure
exact proportation of materials to make the ideal mix

125
Q

examples of which materials are used for fissure sealants?

A

glass ionomer
composite

Dental nurse exam revision (13 decks)

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