Unit 3- Thinking

Question 1

Thinking

Answer 1

Manipulating mental representations of information in order to draw inferences and conclusions

Question 2

Prototypes

Answer 2

A mental image or best example of a concept. when learning something new we match it to an already existing prototype

Question 3

Trial and Error

Answer 3

Trying multiple different solutions to see what works best and eliminate those that don’t work

Question 4

Algorithms

Answer 4

Step-by-step procedures for solving problems

Question 5

Functional Fixedness

Answer 5

The tendency to view objects as functioning only in their intended ways

Question 6

Mental set

Answer 6

The tendency to persist in solving problems with solutions that have worked in the past

Question 7

Representative Heuristic

Answer 7

Determines the likelihood of an event by comparing it to the prototype for the event

Question 8

Availability Heuristic

Answer 8

Determines the likelihood of an event based on how readily we remember other instances of the event

Question 9

Sunk Cost Fallacy

Answer 9

Staying in a situation because you’ve already invested time and money

Question 10

Gambler’s Fallacy

Answer 10

The mistaken belief that if something happens repeatedly it is less likely to happen in the future

Question 11

Barnum Effect

Answer 11

Personality tests, horoscopes