Unit 3 Test Flashcards
What are prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are unicellular and do not have a nucleus.
Organelles include ribosomes, cytoplasm, vacuoles, plasma membrane, and cytoskeleton.
What are eukaryotic cells?
large, complex, and can be in multicellular organisms
Eukaryotic cells are found in plants and animals and have a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
The main difference is that prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.
What are the three points of the cell theory?
- All living things are composed of cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function of life. 3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
What is the function of the nucleus?
The nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cells and carries the DNA.
Found in plant and animal cells.
What is the function of vacuoles?
Vacuoles store waste and assist with transporting substances.
Found in plant and animal cells.
What is the function of lysosomes?
Lysosomes help digest old cell parts and foreign particles using enzymes.
Found in plant and animal cells.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Smooth ER makes enzymes for calcium regulation and detoxification; Rough ER helps make proteins and serves as a roadway for proteins to travel.
Found in plant and animal cells.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Ribosomes provide a site to make proteins that the DNA codes for.
Found in prokaryotic, plant, and animal cells.
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
The cytoskeleton contributes to cell shape and helps movement within the cell.
Found in prokaryotic, plant, and animal cells.
What is the function of cytoplasm?
Cytoplasm is the site of most activities of the cell.
Organelle supsension
Found in prokaryotic, plant, and animal cells.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Mitochondria store energy.
Found in plant and animal cells.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis.
Found in plant cells.
What did Robert Hooke contribute to cell theory?
In 1665, Robert Hooke observed cork under a microscope and called them ‘cells’ because they looked like small rooms.
What did Matthias Schleiden contribute to cell theory?
In 1839, Matthias Schleiden stated that living plants are made up of cells and contain a nucleus.
What did Theodor Schwann contribute to cell theory?
In 1839, Theodor Schwann stated that animal samples are made up of cells and contain a nucleus.
What did Rudolf Virchow contribute to cell theory?
In 1855, Rudolf Virchow stated that cells arise from preexisting cells.
What is the structure of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer (with glycoproteins, protein channels, and protein pumps)
How does oxygen move through the cell membrane?
simple diffusion.
How does sugar move through the cell membrane?
facilitated diffusion.
How does carbon dioxide move through the cell membrane?
Simple diffusion
How does water move through the cell membrane?
via osmosis or protein pump called aquaporin
How does potassium move through the cell membrane?
Sodium-potassium pump.
How does sodium move through the cell membrane?
Sodium-potassium pump
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion is the process of moving molecules across a membrane via transport proteins and does not require energy.
Why does it require energy to move a molecule using molecular transport?
It requires energy because molecular transport (protein pump) moves molecules against their concentration gradient.
What is phagocytosis?
Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell engulfs large particles or cells.
What is pinocytosis?
Pinocytosis is the process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment.
What type of organisms are prokaryotic cells?
Bacteria and archaea
What is a key characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
Lack of a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles.
Are prokaryotic cells typically found in multicellular organisms?
No, they are always one-celled or unicellular organisms.
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus, prokaryotic cells do not.