Final Exam: Biochemistry Flashcards
What are the unique properties of water
1) covalent bond
2) hydrogen bond
3) polar bond
4) universal solvent
5) cohesion
6) adhesion
7) surface tension
8) heat capacity
Covalent bond
Electrons are shared by atoms
- ex: the bonds within a water molecule that hold the oxygen to the hydrogen atom
Hydrogen bond
Type of bond between water molecules
(Ex: holds together DNA molecules)
Polar bond
a covalent bond between two or more atoms when the atoms have different levels of electronegativity (unequal electrons)
Universal Solvent
Ability to dissolve many different solutes
Cohesion
Attracted to other water molecules
(Ex: process of capillary action)
Adhesion
Attracted to non water molecules
(Ex: facilitates the cohesion of cell membranes)
Surface tension
Water’s resistance to external force
(Ex: water striders and other insects can travel)
Heat capacity
water is very resistant to changes in temperature
Why does ice float in water
solid form of water (ice) is more dense than its liquid form
- hydrogen bonds push themselves farther apart when frozen —> lowers density
What are the four macromolecules and what are they made of
Carbohydrates (C, H, O)
Lipids (C, H, O)
Proteins (C, H, O, N, )
Nucleic acids (C, H, O, N, P)
Carbohydrates: elements
C, H, O
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Lipids: elements
C, H, O
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Proteins: elements
C, H, O, N
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Nucleic Acid: elements
C, H, O, N, P
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
