Final Exam: Cells

Question 1

What is Anton van Leewenhoek known for

Answer 1

First scientist to observe cells with a microscope

Question 2

What is Matthias Schleiden known for

Answer 2

Plants are made of cells

Question 3

What is Theodor Schwann known for

Answer 3

Animals are made of cells

Question 4

What is Robert Hooke known for

Answer 4

Gave name “cell”

Question 5

What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell

Answer 5

Prokaryotes:
- No nucleus
- Unicellular
- No membrane-bound organelles
- Smaller
- Simpler

Eukaryotes:
- Contains a nucleus
- Multicellular or unicellular
- Contain organelles
- Newer, larger, more complex

Question 6

What structures do eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells have in common

Answer 6

DNA, ribosomes, cellular membrane, cytoskeleton, cytoplasm

Question 7

What kind of cells are prokaryotic

Answer 7

Bacteria

Question 8

What are the three points to the cell theory

Answer 8

1) All living things or organisms are made of cells and their products
2) Cells come from other cells
3) Cells are the basic building units of life

Question 9

Passive Transport

Answer 9

transport that does not use energy

Question 10

Diffusion

Answer 10

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (high->low)

Question 11

Osmosis

Answer 11

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration -> low water concentration (high->low)

Question 12

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 12

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration using carrier proteins (high->low)

Question 13

Active Transport

Answer 13

transport that uses energy (ATP)

Question 14

Transport Proteins

Answer 14

Used in facilitated diffusion to help move solutes across the membrane

Question 15

Endocytosis

Answer 15

Refers to the movement of molecules into a cell

Question 16

Phagocytosis

Answer 16

Type of endocytosis around a food particle
(Engulfs a food particle)

Question 17

Pinocytosis

Answer 17

Type of endocytosis around fluid droplets
(Engulfs fluid droplets)

Question 18

Exocytosis

Answer 18

refers to the movement of molecules out of the cell (ex -> “exit”)

Question 19

Golgi function

Answer 19

ships, packages, transmits proteins to other parts of the cell

Question 20

Nucleus function

Answer 20

Controls and regulates cell activities, carries DNA

Question 21

Vacuole function

Answer 21

Stores waste and assists with transporting substances

Question 22

Lysosome function

Answer 22

helps digest old cell parts and foreign particles using enzymes

Question 23

Endoplasmic Reticulum function

Answer 23

Makes enzymes for calcium regulation and detoxification

Question 24

Ribosomes function

Answer 24

Provides a site to make proteins that DNA codes for

Question 25

Cytoskeleton function

Answer 25

• Contributes to cell shape
• helps with movement within the cell

Question 26

Cytoplasm function

Answer 26

Organelle suspension

Question 27

Mitochondria function

Answer 27

Produces energy in the form of ATP

Question 28

Chloroplast function

Answer 28

Produces glucose (site of photosynthesis)

Question 29

Golgi (plant, animal, both)

Answer 29

Both; plant and animal

Question 30

Nucleus (plant, animal, both)

Answer 30

Both; plant and animal

Question 31

Vacuole (plant, animal, both)

Answer 31

Both; plant and animal

Question 32

Lysosome (plant, animal, both)

Answer 32

Both; plant and animal cells

Question 33

Endoplasmic Reticulum (plant, animal, both)

Answer 33

Both; plant and animal cells

Question 34

Ribosomes (plant, animal, both)

Answer 34

Both;
Prokaryotic, plant, and animal cells

Question 35

Cytoskeleton (plant, animal, both)

Answer 35

Both;
Prokaryotic, plant, and animal cells

Question 36

Cytoplasm (plant, animal, both)

Answer 36

Both;
Prokaryotic, plant, and animal cells

Question 37

Mitochondria (plant, animal, both)

Answer 37

Both; plant and animal cells

Question 38

Chloroplast (plant, animal, both)

Answer 38

Plant cells

Question 39

What are the functions of the cell membrane

Answer 39

To protect the cell and regulate what enters and exits

Question 40

Isotonic solution

Answer 40

EQUAL
Equal solute (salt) - equal water

Question 41

Hypotonic solution

Answer 41

Inside: higher solute (more salt, less water)
Higher water concentration outside
Water enters the cell
Hypo -> “hippo” -> swells

Question 42

Hypertonic solution

Answer 42

Inside: higher water concentration (more water, less salt)
Higher water inside
Water diffuses out of the cell
Shrinks