Final Exam: Cells Flashcards
What is Anton van Leewenhoek known for
First scientist to observe cells with a microscope
What is Matthias Schleiden known for
Plants are made of cells
What is Theodor Schwann known for
Animals are made of cells
What is Robert Hooke known for
Gave name “cell”
What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell
Prokaryotes:
- No nucleus
- Unicellular
- No membrane-bound organelles
- Smaller
- Simpler
Eukaryotes:
- Contains a nucleus
- Multicellular or unicellular
- Contain organelles
- Newer, larger, more complex
What structures do eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells have in common
DNA, ribosomes, cellular membrane, cytoskeleton, cytoplasm
What kind of cells are prokaryotic
Bacteria
What are the three points to the cell theory
1) All living things or organisms are made of cells and their products
2) Cells come from other cells
3) Cells are the basic building units of life
Passive Transport
transport that does not use energy
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (high->low)
Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration -> low water concentration (high->low)
Facilitated Diffusion
The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration using carrier proteins (high->low)
Active Transport
transport that uses energy (ATP)
Transport Proteins
Used in facilitated diffusion to help move solutes across the membrane
Endocytosis
Refers to the movement of molecules into a cell
Phagocytosis
Type of endocytosis around a food particle
(Engulfs a food particle)
Pinocytosis
Type of endocytosis around fluid droplets
(Engulfs fluid droplets)
Exocytosis
refers to the movement of molecules out of the cell (ex -> “exit”)
Golgi function
ships, packages, transmits proteins to other parts of the cell
Nucleus function
Controls and regulates cell activities, carries DNA
Vacuole function
Stores waste and assists with transporting substances
Lysosome function
helps digest old cell parts and foreign particles using enzymes
Endoplasmic Reticulum function
Makes enzymes for calcium regulation and detoxification
Ribosomes function
Provides a site to make proteins that DNA codes for
Cytoskeleton function
- Contributes to cell shape
- helps with movement within the cell
Cytoplasm function
Organelle suspension
Mitochondria function
Produces energy in the form of ATP
Chloroplast function
Produces glucose (site of photosynthesis)
Golgi (plant, animal, both)
Both; plant and animal
Nucleus (plant, animal, both)
Both; plant and animal
Vacuole (plant, animal, both)
Both; plant and animal
Lysosome (plant, animal, both)
Both; plant and animal cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum (plant, animal, both)
Both; plant and animal cells
Ribosomes (plant, animal, both)
Both;
Prokaryotic, plant, and animal cells
Cytoskeleton (plant, animal, both)
Both;
Prokaryotic, plant, and animal cells
Cytoplasm (plant, animal, both)
Both;
Prokaryotic, plant, and animal cells
Mitochondria (plant, animal, both)
Both; plant and animal cells
Chloroplast (plant, animal, both)
Plant cells
What are the functions of the cell membrane
To protect the cell and regulate what enters and exits
Isotonic solution
EQUAL
Equal solute (salt) - equal water
Hypotonic solution
Inside: higher solute (more salt, less water)
Higher water concentration outside
Water enters the cell
Hypo -> “hippo” -> swells
Hypertonic solution
Inside: higher water concentration (more water, less salt)
Higher water inside
Water diffuses out of the cell
Shrinks
