Unit 3 Test Flashcards
Wha si true for “ideal gases”(3)
Collisions between particles are elastic
No attractive or repulsive forces between particles
Particle volume is negligible
Gas particles are in constant random motion
Real gas behavior(2)
All gases are able to condense- there are attractive forces
Molecules vary in size and have volume
If particles are larger they have a better chance of …
Colliding
Why is gas non ideal at high pressures
Because the particle volume becomes significant
What is a solvent
The liquid
What is a solute
The solid
Which have larger radius and why(anions or cations)
Anions because they have more e-
Chromatography used to separate IMF based on
Polarity
Suspension
A polar and no polar substance won’t mix
Type of level?
Microwave radiation
Molecular rotational level
Type of level?
Infrared radiation
Molecular vibrational energy
Type of level?
Ultraviolet/ visible radiation
Electric energy levels
What is the kinetic energy formula
KE=1/2mv^2
Kinetic energy is mass times velocity squared
Describe cold gas maxwell distribution graph
High tall peak in the beginning of the graph
High on y axis and short on x axis
Describe room temperature graph
Regular graph in middle of both x and y axis
Describe hot gas maxwell distribution graph
Short flat wide graph
Short on y axis
Long on x axis
If equimolar samples are both at standard conditons(1 atm 273 K)
Which sample has more KE
Same KE since they are at the same temperatures
When considering which sample has higher average molecular speeds consider
The atomic radius because if the atom is lighter then it’s speed is faster
If there is a tube, one end has a substance that’s np and one that’s polar which side will the precipitate be closer to?
The polar side because it has dipole dipole and/or possibly hydrogen bonding so it has a stronger pull, pulling the precipitate closer to it
If NO is placed in a sealed rigid container and it is heated what will happen to NO
The pressure will increase because the # of collisions will increase and because he kinetic energy increases that leads to friction causing the temp to increase
Which has do you predict to deviate from ideal gas
Choosing from a polar and a np gas
The polar one because the IMF is stronger so it is less likely for the forces to be stable
If the volume of a gas is greater than expected that is because
The particle volume is great
Of the volume of a gas is less than expected based on the ideal gas law that is because
The IMFs are stronger
Equation for the molarity of a solution
M = moles of solute divided by the total liters of the solution
When looking for an image of the best representation of a solution consider
What should en repelling and attracting( look at the charges of the atoms in the molecule and the way they are facing)
Intermolecular forces occur where
Between 2 separate molecules
Drawing particulate models
Consider how molecules connect (negative with positive side and vice versa)
How to find the retention factor unique pee solute(the total dye)
Rf=ddye/dsolvent
In paper chromatography with polar water how will the polar sample travel and how will the np sample travel
Polar samples will travel far and np samples will travel short
For paper chromatography the sample travels further when(did in class)
They are like or similar polarities
For colum chromatography how do polar parts of mixture travel and how do least polar parts or mixture travel(never did in class)
Polar parts travel slow esta no elastic polar parts travel fastest
To find colum chromatography once use same ratios
Divide final position of dye by the leading edge
What is a leading edge
Highest value on paper that is possible(up to clip where paper is held)
Solubility
The extent where a solute will dissolve into a solvent to from a solution
Is water a good solvent (why or why not)
Yes because water is very polar
Hydration
Process where molecules surround ions to dissolve them
3 steps for a solution to form
The solute particles must selarate(energy is required)
The solvent particles must separate(energy required)
The solute and solvent particles must come back together (energy released)
When will more energy be involved in a solution
When the IMFs are stronger
What does like dissolve
Like
When determining which is more strongly hydrated consider what first and what second
First consider charge than consider size
When considering hydration, what does higher charge mean
More strongly hydrated
When considering hydration, what radius is more strongly hydrated(smaller or larger and why)
The smaller radius is stronger because it has more electrons
When considering which pairs are miscible consider
Pairs of substances that are both polar or non polar
What does aqueous mean?
Dissolves in water
What si spectroscopy
Study of how matter interacts with electromagnetic radiation
In ultraviolet visible light spectroscopy what do the electrons do
They move from their ground state to a higher energy “excited” state
For visible light spectroscopy to work solutions need. ..o
To be colored
To determine the functional group of a formula
Match its graph to the other examples- choose the one that matches the most
What sina known fact about alcohols and their chemical formulas
They always have an -OH group attached
The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is related to its frequency and the speed of light by the equation
C= λv
The energy of a photon is related to the frequency of the electromagnetic wave through Plancks equation
E=hv
When light shines ont he surface of the road, what happens to the electrons
The electrons can be ejected from the surface
What is E(E=hv)
Energy in joules
what is h
E=hv
Plancks constant
What is Plancks constant
6.626x10^-34
What is v
E=hv
Frequency in Hz s^-1
What is c
C= λv
Speed of light: 3.00x10^8 m/s
What is λ
C= λv
Wavelength(m)
As wavelength increases what happens to the energy
The energy decreases
Less energy as wavelength increases
As wavelength decreases what happens to the energy
The energy increases
The shorter the wavelength the higher the energy
What is r in PV=nRT
0.0821
