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Geography 9 > Unit 3 Short Answers > Flashcards

Unit 3 Short Answers Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Humidity?

A

Humidity simply looks at how much moisture there is.

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2
Q

What is the difference between Humidity and Relative Humidity?

A

Humidity simply looks at how much moisture there is.
Relative Humidity is a % of how much room is taken by the moisture

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3
Q

What is the Similarity and Difference between Weather & Climate? Which is easier to predict?

A

Similarity: Both describe meteorological (Precipitation, Temperature, etc.) conditions in the atmosphere

Difference: Climate is over a longer period of time such as a season where Weather is day to day.

Climate is easier to predict. This is because it is the average of weather. Any given day can give us a variety of weather.

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4
Q

LOWERN

What are the Factors Affecting Climate?

10 Statements

A

Latitude
Ocean Currents
Winds + Air Masses (Only one that changes)
Elevation
Relief (Mountains)
Nearness to bodies of water

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5
Q

Climate Graph

What is the 4 steps to determine if a place is a Maritime Climate or Continental Climate?

A
  1. Average annual temp
  2. Total annual precipitation
  3. Temperature Range
  4. Seasonal distribution of precipitation
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6
Q

Close to a body of water

What Criteria does a Maritime climate place include?

4

A
  • More Precipitation ( Over 1000mm)
  • Smaller Temperature Range (Less than 25 degrees) Temperatures are more moderated or regulated
  • Greater amounts of Precipitation in the Winter
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7
Q

Away from a body of water

What Criteria does a Continental climate place include?

4

A
  • Less Precipitation ( Under 1000mm)
  • Greater Temperature Range (Greater than 25 degrees) Temperatures are less moderated or regulated
  • Greater amounts of Precipitation in the Summer
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8
Q

Mountain Diagram

How do you calculate Elevation?

Look at RATE OF COOLING

A
  1. Determine the Rate
  2. Find the Difference in Elevation
  3. Calculate the amount that changes
  4. Apply to current (Temp)
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9
Q

What are the 3 Types of Precipitation?

A
  1. Cyclonic or Frontal- Colliding air masses (High pressure to Low pressure): This type of precipitation is created when air masses that are different in temperature and moisture collide.

When a warm front collides with a cold front, the warm mostiure is forced to rise by the cool, dry, and denser air mass.

  1. Convectional: Precipitation develops as a result of the uneven heating of the earth’s surface by the sun.

This type of precipitation is common on hot, summer days when the heated land causes the air above it to rise by convection.

  1. Rainshadow Or Orographic or Relief: Precipitation that is created when an air mass rises to cross a mountain barrier.

Clouds bring moisture to one side of the mountain, cooling and releasing rain, which makes it green. The other side, dry and with little rain, is known as the rainshadow.

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10
Q

10 statement examples

  1. Foggy day in St. Johns
  2. Temperature change going up (Hamilton 13°C to Cancun 30°C
  3. Temperature change going down (Cancun 13°C to Hamilton 30°C
  4. Slightly warmer waters and larger amounts of precipitation lead to a stronger forest industry on the west coast

LOWERN

A
  1. Ocean Currents
  2. Latitude
  3. Winds + Air Masses
  4. Ocean Currents
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11
Q

What is the only Factor affecting climate that changes?

A

Winds + Air masses

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12
Q

Describe the Factors Affecting Climate

LOWERN

A

Latitude: A mesaure of how North or South you are from the equator

Ocean Currents: Anything on the coast, precipitation, creates good forest industrys, increases temp for maritime provinces, provides a track for storms, cold labrador current creates fog. Move warm or cold water across different parts of the ocean

Winds + Air Masses (Only one that changes): Wind: Horizontal movement of air over the earth’s surface caused by differences in air presssure

Air Mass: Large body of air that has the same moisture and temperature conditions throughout

High pressure systems-Cool, dry air sinking (Sunny Days)
Low pressure systems- Warm moist air rising (Precipitation)

Elevation: How high something is above a certain level (normally above sea level)

Relief (Mountains): Refers to the differences in elevation of the earth’s surface. (Usually refers to mountains)

Nearness to bodies of water: Closer to a body of water have more moderate temperatures, more precipitation

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13
Q

What is an Example for Climate & Weather

A

Climate: Ancaster’s winters are cold and snowy
Weather: Ancaster’s tomorrow is expected to be sunny and 14 degrees

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14
Q

What is wind created by?

A

Changes in Air Pressure

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15
Q

Weather systems move from what Direction?

A

West to East

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16
Q

What is a Front?

A

A Leading Edge of an Air Mass

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17
Q

Cool Air does what?

A

Condenses

18
Q

What is Dewpoint?

A

As it gets cooler, evaporation decreases, condensation increases

19
Q

What is Regulate/Moderate?

A

Not letting the High temp get to high and not letting the Low temp get too low.

20
Q

A High pressure system is created by? What way does it rotate?

A

Cooler, drier air sinking
Clockwise

21
Q

A Low pressure system is created by? What way does it rotate?

A

Cools, Condenses, Precipitates
Counter-Clockwise

22
Q

What are clouds made up of?

A

Vapour

23
Q

What is one of the most important elements of Weather & Climate?

A

Precipitation

24
Q

What does Saturated mean?

A

The air is so full of water vapour that it is not able to hold anymore water at that temperature

25
Q

What 2 Points help us to understand Precipitation?

A
  1. Air cools as it rises
  2. As air cools, Water vapour condenses more than it evaporates
26
Q

What are the 3 Types of Ocean Currents?

A
  1. The Warm North Pacific Current: helps keep the west coast from getting too hot or too cold. It also brings a lot of rain, which helps trees grow big and strong.
  2. The Warm Gulfstream: comes from warm places and goes up the east coast, making places like Nova Scotia warmer. But it also brings storms, which is why this area can have hurricanes.
  3. The Cold Labrador Current: comes from the north and makes the coast of Labrador and Newfoundland cooler. When the Cold Labrador Current meets the Warm Gulfstream, it makes fog. St. John’s in Newfoundland has a lot of fog and is the foggiest city in Canada.
27
Q

High Pressure systems means that there will be?

A

Sunny days

28
Q

Low Pressure systems means that there will be?

A

Precipitation

29
Q

What is Relative Humidity?

A

Amount of moisture in the air in relation to how much room is in the air

30
Q

What is the Rate of Cooling?

A

Before (Below) Condensation: Temperature drops -1°C for every 100m
After (Above) Condensation: Temperature drops -0.6°C for every 100m

31
Q

Mountains can cause what?

A

Precipitation

32
Q

How can Mountains affect Climate?

2

A
  1. Mountains can block sunlight from a region for a large portion of the day. This occurs on the west coast where the Rockies shade certain cities and thus the average temperature will be LOWER
  2. Mountains can force Air Masses to Rise, forcing the Water Vapour Higher, Cool, Condense, and Precipitate
33
Q

What is a keypoint for Nearness to Bodies of Water?

A

Water heats and cools more slowly, while air above the land heats and cools quickly

34
Q

What is Lake Effect?

A

When the water body is a lake, this moderation of the nearby land temperature is called Lake Effect

35
Q

In Summer, is water temperature cooler or warmer than land temperature

A

Cooler

36
Q

In Winter, is water temperature cooler or warmer than land temperature

A

Warmer

37
Q

What is Condensation

A

Condensation is the transformation of water vapor into liquid water due to cooling. (Gas to a liquid)

38
Q

What is Evaporation

A

Evaporation is the process where water turns from a liquid into a gas.

39
Q

What is Precipitation?

A

Precipitation is when water falls from the sky in forms like rain, snow, sleet, or hail. It occurs when clouds become full of water droplets.

40
Q

What is Windward side?

A

The side that gets Rain is the Windward side

41
Q

What is Leeward side?

A

The side that does not get rain is the Leeward Side (Rainshadow)

Geography 9 (11 decks)

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