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Geography 9 > Unit 2 Short Answers > Flashcards

Unit 2 Short Answers Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Contiental Drfift

A

Alfred Wegner’s theory states that 300 million years ago, Earth’s land masses collided to form one super continent called Pangaea, which broke apart 200 million years ago, causing continents to drift apart to their present locations.

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2
Q

Define Subduction

A

Subduction occurs when an oceanic plate runs into a continental plate and slides beneath it.

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3
Q

Define Uniformatarianism

A

What has happened in the past is happening today and continues to happen in the future

“The present is the key to the past.”

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4
Q

Geologic Era Time Period

Cenozoic Era (Recent Life)

A

Began: 66 million of years ago
Ended: -

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5
Q

Major Geological & Biological Events

Cenozoic Era (Recent Life)

A

Geological: Continents take on their present shape

Biological: Human beings develop

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6
Q

Geologic Era Time Period

Mesozoic Era (Middle Life)

A

Began: 245 million of years ago
Ended: 66 million of years ago

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7
Q

Major Geological & Biological Events

Mesozoic Era (Middle Life)

A

Geological: Formation of Rocky mountains begins

Biological: Age of reptiles, such as dinosaurs

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8
Q

Geologic Time Period

Palezoic Era (Ancient Life)

A

Began: 570 million of years ago
Ended: 245 million of years ago

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9
Q

Major Geological & Biological Events

Palezoic Era (Ancient Life)

A

Geological: Appalachians formed

Biological: First insects

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10
Q

Geologic Time Period

Precambrian Era (Earliest Life)

A

Began: 4600 million of years ago
Ended: 570 million of years ago

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11
Q

Major Geological & Biological Events

Precambrian Era (Earliest Life)

A

Geological: Precambrian shields, such as the Canadian Shield, Brazilian Shield, African Shield, and Australlian Shield are formed

Biological: First single-celled organisms

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12
Q

How old is the Earth?

A

4.6 Billion years old

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13
Q

Geologic Time vs Human Time

A

Geologic Time: Earth is 4.6 Billion years old

Human Time: Life expectancy is between 80-85.

10,000 years in Geological Time = 91 minutes in Human Time

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14
Q

Who discovered Plate Tectonics?

A

Alfred Wegener

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15
Q

Who furthered Plate Tectonics?

A

Tuzo Wilson

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16
Q

What is Plate Tectonics?

A

Theory that states that Earth’s outer shell consists of plates that move causing Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Mountains and the Formation of New Crust

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17
Q

What is the Four Pieces of evidence for Plate Tectonics. How are these pieces of evidence conected to Plate Tectonics

A

**Summary: **

  1. Alfred Wegner observed the jigsaw fit of South America and Africa
  2. Found fossils consistent across continents
  3. Found mountains on both sides of the Atlantic
  4. Discovered ice sheets covering parts of Africa, India, Australia, and Southern America 250 million years ago.
  • Wegener’s evidence supports the theory of plate tectonics by illustrating how continents have moved and changed over millions of years, shaping the Earth’s geology and climate.
18
Q

What is the layers of the earth from the Outside to Inside

A
  • Crust
  • Upper Mantle
  • Lower Mantle
  • Outer Core
  • Inner Core
19
Q

What in an Important Fact for Crust

A

Temperature: Around 22°C
State: Solid
Oceanic crust is made up of Iron

20
Q

What in an Important Fact for Mantle

A

(Upper Mantle)
Temperture : 1,400°C - 3,000°C
State: Liquid/Solid
Made up of Iron
(Lower Mantle)
Temperature : 3,000°C
State: Solid
Made up of Iron

21
Q

What in an Important Fact for Core

A

(Outer Core)
Temperature: 4,000°C-6,000°C
State: Liquid
Made up of Iron
(Inner Core)
Temperature: 5,000°C-6,000°C
State: Solid
Made up of Iron

22
Q

What is the Rock Cycle

Check Notes

A

Check Notes

23
Q

What is the Diagram of Plates (How Plates Recycle)

Check Notes

A

Check Notes

24
Q

Define Topography

A

The Earth’s surface features including vegetation, soils, and those features shaped by people

25
Q

What is a Region?

A

An area with certain characteristics that set it apart from other areas

26
Q

What is a Landform Region?

A

A part of the Earth with a unique set of Physical features that people often use to meet their needs

27
Q

Canada is made up of how many distinct types of landforms. What are these landforms?

A

3
Shiled, Highlands, Lowlands

28
Q

What are The Lanform Regions?

5

A
  • The Western Cordillera
  • The Interior Plains
  • The Canadian Shield
  • The Great Lakes -St. Lawrence Lowlands
  • The Appalachians
29
Q

Describe The Western Cordillera

A

Physical Descripton: Covers small parts of British Columbia, Alberta, Yukon, and the Northwest Territories.
Human Geography: The region is very rich in resources such as coal deposits.
Attracts many tourists for its mountain slopes and scenary

30
Q

Describe The Interior Plains

A

Physical Description: A large, wide-open area without mountains or trees.
Made up of thick layers of soil (great for agriculture)
Human Geography: large oil and gas deposits attract big buisnesses

31
Q

Describe The Canadian Shield

A

Physical Description: Formed in stages
Volcanic eruptions raised mountains
Human Geography: Farming is important in the southern areas of the shield.
The population of area is scattered, but most people live in the southern parts

32
Q

Describe The Great Lakes- St. Lawrence Lowlands

A

Physical Description: Made up of Sedimentary Rock
Much of the Region is covered with deep layers of soil
Human Geography: 2/3 of Canada’s population lives here, mostly in Greater Toronto area and Montreal

33
Q

Describe The Appalachians

A

Physical Description: Eastern provinces, and part of Quebec
Human Geography: Fishing used to be a major industry but as faced many problems of late.
Only 4 cities with population of 100,000 or more

34
Q

What are the Types of Rocks?

3

A

Sedimentary Rock: Rocks usually formed in layers from the compression of sediments over millions of years

Metamorphic Rock: Type of rock formed when Igneous or Sedimentary Rock is outsighted to heat and pressure

Igneous Rock: Rock formed from the cooling of molten rock (Magma/Lava)

35
Q

What are the Types of Plate Boundaries?

A
  1. Divergent Plate Boundary: This is where the plates move apart, new magma wells up to the surface, forming new crust.
  2. Convergent Plate Boundary: Two plates come together. Usually one of the plates subducts (goes under) the other plate, creating a subduction zone. The crust at the leading edge of the subducting plate melts back to lava.
  3. Transform Plate Boundary: This occurs when two plates rub against each other. This causes tremendous friction which is eventually released in the form of earthquakes.

*Hotspots: An area where magma is being released and the “volcano” is not depended on the plate movement- “an ever erupting volcano”

36
Q

How was Alfred Wegeners Hypothesis of contiental drift lack?

A

It lacked a geological mechanism to explain how the continets could drift across the earth’s surface

37
Q

From outer to inner layer of the earth list them

A

Crust
Mantle
Core

38
Q

Define Tsunami

A

A long, high sea wave caused by underwater earthquakes

39
Q

What is The Main features of Plate Tectonics

4

A
  • Earth’s crust is broken into a series of plates (crustal plates) or peices
  • These plates are continually, moving, spreading from the center, sinking at the edges, and being regenerated
  • Convection currents beneath the plates move the crustal plates in different directions
  • The source of heat driving the convection currents is radioactivity deep in the Earth’s Mantle.
40
Q

What are the two types of crust and describe them.

A

Oceanic Crust: Thin annd course (Thin & Dense) found at the bottom of the ocean. It is a compact, thin and heavy crust.

Continetal Crust: Since it has been exposed to the atmosphere is bulkier (air) (Thick & Britle) and lighter than oceanic crust

41
Q

What is the similarity and difference between Magma and Lava

A

Similarity: They are melted molten rock

Difference:
* magma is below the earth’s surface
* lava is found on the earth’s surface

42
Q

What is the order for the chart (Eras). which life are they?

A

Cenezoic (Recent)
Mesozoic (Middle)
Palezoic (Ancient)
Precambrain (Earliest)

Geography 9 (11 decks)

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