Unit 3 - Section B: Fieldwork Flashcards
1
Q
Define random sampling
A
Where samples are chosen at random using a random number generator to avoid bias
2
Q
Define systematic sampling
A
When you take samples at regular intervals such as every 2m
3
Q
Define stratified sampling
A
Where you choose samples from different groups to get a good overall representation
4
Q
What is qualitative data?
A
Data that is descriptive (non-numerical)
5
Q
What is quantitative data?
A
Measures of values or counts expressed as numbers
6
Q
What is primary data?
A
Data collected that is original and collected from you
7
Q
What is a hypothesis/enquiry question?
A
A statement/question that you will try to answer during your investigation
8
Q
What is secondary data?
A
Data collected using already available resources
9
Q
What is a sampling method?
A
How you decide to collect your data (Systematic, stratified, random)
10
Q
Define reliable
A
The ability of your data to be reproduced
11
Q
Define accuraccy
A
How close results are to the true value
12
Q
Define quantity
A
The quantity of data you decide to collect
13
Q
What is the advantage of Taunton for our human geography hypothesis?
A
-There were many regeneration sites which means you can do many different sites within close proximity and compare them
-Also it is small and safe meaning there is less risk of injury
14
Q
What was the chosen sampling method with our human geography hypothesis and why?
A
-Stratified
-As there were many different regeneration schemes so we could see how they differed and the benefits they possessed
15
Q
Which data collection methods did you use when you did your human geography fieldwork?
A
-Environmental quality assessment (EQA) - Quantitative
-Epitome words - Qualitative
16
Q
What is an epitome word?
A
The first thing that comes to your head when you think of an area - 3 words
17
Q
How did you carry out an EQA?
A
-Choose 4 environmental factors to look for
-Decide on a scoring system
-Grade different areas
18
Q
What is one limitation to the data you collected and how can you overcome it?
A
-Personal bias
-Work in a group
19
Q
What are the risks when doing fieldwork?
A
-Tripping hazards
-Crossing roads/traffic
-Weather (Rain may cause for you to trip)
20
Q
What environmental factors did you check for in your fieldwork?
A
-Air pollution
-Noise pollution
-Street furniture (benches)
-Bins
21
Q
What areas did you check in your EQA?
A
-Castle green
-Somerset square
-Station Boulevard
-Firepool lock
22
Q
What are the advantages of a radar graph?
A
-Data can easily be compared and it is easy to identify which data has a better EQA
23
Q
Which way did you present data from the EQA?
A
Radar graph
24
Q
Which way did you present data from the epitome words?
A
Word cloud
25
What are the disadvantages of a radar graph?
It can become overcrowded if too much data is on it therefore harder to infer
26
What are the advantages of a word cloud?
You can easily get an idea about an area
It plots qualitative data
27
What are the disadvantages of a word cloud?
Filters out the data on how many people said that certain word
28
What is the advantage to GIS symbols?
You can visually see it on a map meaning patterns are easy to identify
29
What are the disadvantages of GIS symbols?
Difficult to see data in finer detail
Can become overcrowded
30
What method did you use to measure the depth of water in the river Holfod?
Used a metre rule
31
What did you use to measure river velocity on the river Holford?
Inpropeller
32
What did you use to present your data on the river holford?
-Scatter graph - discharge
-Cross profiles - width and depth
33
Advantages of cross profiles?
It is easy to identify patterns linking width and depth
34
Disadvantages of cross profile?
Comparisons are difficult as they may be drawn to different scales
35
Advantages of scatter graphs?
Patterns and anomalies are easily identifiable
36
Disadvantages of scatter graphs?
Lots of different points meaning that patterns are hard to see without lines of best fit
37
Why did you conduct your human geography fieldwork where you did?
-As Taunton was close to the field studies council so journey times were short and so we had enough time to collect data
-Area had footpaths and crossings and was safe and accessible
-Area had recently undergone regeneration meaning it was appropriate for our theory
38
What were the risks during your human geography fieldwork and how did you solve them?
1) Slipping and tripping
solved by: Sensible footwear, not running and following footpaths
2) Being ran over
solved by: Using crossing points and following instructions
3) Getting lost
solved by: Remaining in groups of 3 and using google maps to help plan our route
39
What was the title of your human geography fieldwork?
An investigation into the success of the regeneration of Taunton town Centre
40
What was our geographical theory when doing human fieldwork?
-With regeneration there would be an improvement in the environmental quality and a greater QOL and SOL.
-However, this could lead to gentrification as improvements can displace existing residents as house prices and cost of living increases
41
What were our three enquiry questions when doing human fieldwork?
1) Areas that have been regenerated will have a higher environmental quality
2) Areas that have regenerated will have a stronger economy
3) Areas that have regenerated will be socially successful
42
Which sampling method did you use for your human fieldwork and why?
-Stratified
-In order to help us identify sites that had undergone regeneration as this would help assess the impact that regeneration has had
-To do this, 4 sites using different regeneration techniques had been selected based off prior research and google maps
-This was used as we wouldn't of had enough time to look at the whole of Taunton in our time frame
43
Which quantitative method did you use for your human fieldwork and why?
-We did an EQA
-This is where we measured environmental quality of 8 elements and graded it on a scale of -5 to 5
-The higher the score the better the environmental quality was
-We graded traffic, open space, air quality etc
44
Which 2 qualitative methods did you sue for your human fieldwork?
-Epitome words
-Annotated photographs
45
What did you do for your epitome words?
-At each site we wrote down 3 words which we thought summed up the area. We recorded these on the sheet
-The group then created a word cloud which we were able to compare the results
-Also, we compared this with results by local residents which helped us compare our views with the local residents
46
How did you do annotated photographs?
-At each site photographs were taken to highlight evidence/outcomes of regeneration
-When we returned to school we annotated these outlining evidence within the photograph of impacts of regeneration
47
Which bits of secondary data did you use for your human geography fieldwork?
-Google maps
-Census data
-Zoopla
48
How did you use google maps for your human fieldwork?
To help us plan routes and identify sites for research
49
How did you use census data for your human geography fieldwork?
-Using the data shine website helped us understand the demography of the area so we could compare the regenerated areas with the non regenerated areas to compare the effects
50
How did you use zoopla in your human geography fieldwork?
It was used to show us the house prices before and after the regeneration took place to see if it had led to an increase
51
How did you present your eqa for your human geography fieldwork?
-We used radar diagrams with one used for each site
-This allowed us to visually compare sites
-Each factor of the EQA was a stem of the radar diagram and the larger the area the greater the environmental quality
-This was then annotated with our data from the census linking data with air quality and available green space
52
How did you analyse the EQA scores?
-We entered the scores onto data sheets as well as noting any issues encountered during collection
-We used a radar graph to visually compare the data and easily identify patterns
-We compared these to previous group results to see if ours was a true representation of the area
53
How was GIS used in your human geography fieldwork?
-It was used to locate our total environmental quality scores onto a map as an additional layer
-This is to help see if the environment has changed across the area to visually see if it was a success
54
What were your results from your human geography fieldwork?
-Our results showed that all areas of Taunton which had regeneration had **positive EQA scores** indicating the regeneration had been **environmentally friendly**
-**Station Boulevard had the lowest** which is perhaps due to its location near the **busy train station and its location in the centre of town**
-Also, there were many **older houses located in the centre** and newer houses located towards the outskirts
-However, as a result of the regeneration the **house prices did increase everywhere**
55
What can you conclude from your human geography fieldwork?
-Areas in Taunton that have had regeneration have had a positive impact on the environmental quality especially in Somerset Square and Castle Green
-However, the environmental quality was poorer in busy areas near the station and there was evidence of gentrification such as rising house prices and changes to land use and services for local people
56
What was the accuracy to your human fieldwork?
-As the areas were to a **large scale** it was difficult to know where to assess EQ meaning there was some **inaccuracy**
-**Time of day and season** can impact EQ - and as we were there during the afternoon **we missed rush hour where traffic** which would've been worse and it was good weather meaning less people using cars
-EQ is also very **subjective**
57
How reliable were your human fieldwork results?
-As we only collected results during **one day** we are unaware on what a typical day looks like so this may **not be reliable**
-**Roadworks were present** at one site meaning that it did **impact EQ** scores but it was only short term effecting reliability of results
-When we collected it was the **end of the school day** meaning it could've affected noise levels
58
What is the evaluation on your human geography fieldwork?
-Overall our conclusions are **valid** as we used sampling to gain a representative view of the area
-Our EQ results however had **bias as it was a subjective matter** however we compared results to avoid this
-**Secondary data** helped us support our conclusions making them more reliable
59
Any improvements to be made to you human geography fieldwork?
-Accuracy could be improved by **pin pointing exact sites to record EQ** as would taking multiple EQ scores and in multiple areas and **calculating a mean**
-EQ score is **subjective** so ensuring one person from each group is assessing each time to reduce bias from people's opinions
-Returning and different times of year will increase reliability
60
Why did you do your physical geography fieldwork where you did it?
-Close to the field studies council meaning there was a short journey time so we had enough time to collect our data
-River had footpaths and was safe and accessible
-Accessible car park present
-River showed obvious changes meaning we could assess the progress
61
What was your physical geography risk assessment and how did you solve your problems?
1) Slipping/tripping
solved by: Sensible footwear, following footpaths and walking not running
2) Drowning
solved by: Avoiding deep or fast flowing water, following instructions and following footpaths
62
What was the title for your physical geography fieldwork?
Exploring downstream changes along the river Holford
63
What was the geographical theory for your physical fieldwork?
-The Bradshaw model
64
What is the Bradshaw model?
-A model which shows how the river changes as it goes downstream
-Discharge increases downstream as tributaries join bringing a greater water volume. Greater erosion increased the cross sectional area of the channel
-Velocity increases as there is an increased energy from larger water flow and less friction as the channel widens and deepens
65
What were your three hypotheses for your physical geography fieldwork?
1) Discharge will increase downstream
2) Velocity will increase as we move downstream
3) Cross-sectional area will increase as we move downstream
66
Which sampling method did you use for your physical geography fieldwork and why?
-Stratified
-This is because we measured after every tributary to help us assess reasons for increasing discharge
-Despite this, we could've used systematic with measurements every 1Km along the river as it would've given us a representative sample with less bias
-However, due to a lack of timing we had to use stratified
67
What was the qualitative method for your physical geography fieldwork?
-We used a field sketch/photograph and annotated around the photograph to highlight characteristics of each site like gradient and pebble size
-This helped us understand the subjective elements of each site
68
What were the quantitative methods of sampling for your physical fieldwork?
-Cross sectional area
-Velocity
69
How did you measure cross sectional area?
-Sites were measured using a tape measure to measure width from wetted edge to wetted edge
-We also ensured the tape measure was pulled tight for accurate results
-We then used a metre rule to measure depth at all points ensuring the thin end faced upstream to reduce splash
70
How did you measure river velocity?
-At each site we used an impellor flowmeter to measure the river velocity
-We timed how long it took for the prop to reach the base
-We did this 3 times and then calculated a mean value
70
Which secondary data was used during your physical geography fieldwork and why?
-Geology maps were used before the fieldwork to identify the geology of the area
-Google maps was used to identify site selection and safe access points
71
How did you present your physical geography fieldwork findings?
-A line graph was used to plot discharge against distance downstream. Average discharge was plotted on the y axis and site number of x axis
-A line of best fit was also drawn to showcase the pattern more clearly and highlight any anomalies
72
Analysis of your physical geography fieldwork?
-Data of discharge was filled into a data table before being added to a line graph and a line of best fit was calculated
-This was then looked along annotated photographs to show a visual representation of the change
-To make our analysis more accurate our results were combined with other groups to gather a greater sample size and we compared with previous years results to check reliability
73
How was GIS used in your physical geography fieldwork?
It was used to locate our velocity data onto a map as an additional layer so we could visually see how velocity changed across our 5 sites
74
What were your results in your physical geography fieldwork?
-Our results showed that as we travelled downstream velocity increased and so did discharge and cross sectional area
-On average width increased from 40cm to 2.1 metres
75
What were your conclusions from your physical geography fieldwork?
-We can conclude that as you travel downstream velocity, discharge and cross sectional area increase which **supports the Bradshaw model**
-We can conclude that **our findings are valid** as they met the aim of the enquiry
-The conclusions are **accurate as we used technical equipment** however **human error** did reduce this as we had a few anomalies
-But our line of best fit showed a strong positive correlation between discharge and distance therefore our conclusions can be trusted
76
How was the accuracy of the physical geography fieldwork like?
-one issue with accuracy is where the river was flowing **more quickly as it was difficult to hold the tape measure taut (Tight)**
-This could've impacted the reading
-**Identifying the wetter bank** was also **subjective** therefore accuracy may have been reduced
-The velocity reading was not always accurate as sometimes the flow **wasn't enough for the impellor to move** so we just used 300 seconds
77
What was reliability of your physical geography fieldwork?
-It was difficult to know where the wetted bank was as it was subjective therefore reliability of results can be impacted
-We only took measurements on **one day so wind direction and weather conditions could impact results**
-We did however take **multiple readings and take averages** which reduces impact of anomalies and increases reliability
78
What was the evaluation of the physical geography fieldwork?
-**Overall the conclusions were valid** as we used sampling to gain a representative view of the river and to reduce bias
-When measuring velocity we measured **3 times to increase accuracy**
-The tape measure was sometimes **loose and the velocity metre didn't always pick up the slower flow** so our conclusions may be **less reliable** for those readings
-We **compared results** with many groups of people to increase accuracy as it created a larger sample size
79
Improvements to your physical geography fieldwork?
-We could have used a **larger sample size** by **measuring more sites** to increase reliability
-We could have used a **different technique to measure water flow** to increase accuracy
(**Using a float** over a certain distance and working out speed by doing distance over time)
-We could have gone back during a **different time of year** to assess how seasons affect the fluvial processes
-We could've ensured the **thinner side of the ruler was facing upstream when measuring depth** to increase accuracy
