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ZHuman Physiology > Unit 3 QUIZ > Flashcards

Unit 3 QUIZ Flashcards

1
Q

The presence of __________ in the circulatory system would be considered abnormal

A

Kreb’s cycle enzymes

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2
Q

At rest the heart of an average human will pump ________ liters of blood per minute

A

5

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3
Q

The lymph eventually enters the circulation by draining into two specific ___________

A

Veins

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4
Q

The “buffy coat” that forms when whole blood is centrifuged in a test tube, is composed of ________________

A

White blood cells and platelets

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5
Q

Blood clotting would not occur if the plasma was deficient in _____________

A

fibrinogen

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6
Q

Erythrocytes lack

A

Both a nucleus and mitochondria organelles

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7
Q

Aplastic anemia results in an abnormally low red blood cell count due to ______

A

destruction of the bone marrow, perhaps by chemicals in the environment or chemotherapy

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8
Q

Which of the following does not belong to the class of granular leukocytes?

A

Lymphocytes

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9
Q

Platelets release a chemical called________ that does what?

A

serotonin that constricts blood vessels

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10
Q

Which of the following leukocytes usually accounts for less than 1% of white blood cells present

A

Basophils

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11
Q

The endothelial cells of the blood vessel produce two important chemicals involved in hemostasis; prostacyclin and __________

A

von Willebrand factor

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12
Q

Within the pulmonary circulation, the pulmonary arteries carry ______

A

oxygen-poor blood

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13
Q

The atrioventricular (AV) valve is called

A

mitral valve, separates the left atrium and left ventricle, and is also called the bicuspid

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14
Q

The semilunar valves _______

A

regulate the passage of blood from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and the aorta

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15
Q

The terms “systole” and “diastole” refer, respectively, to the ____

A

contraction phase and relaxation phase of the ventricles

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16
Q

The second heart sound results from vibrations generated by the _______

A

closing of the semilunar valves at the start of diastole

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17
Q

The SA node is the normal pacemaker of the heart because the SA node ____

A

depolarizes to its threshold potential before other pacemakers in the heart

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18
Q

In a normal ECG tracing _________

A

The repolarization of the atria is hidden by the QRS wave

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19
Q

Which of the following statements about arteries and veins is false?

A

Veins can collapse, serving as the blood vessel with the greatest resistance to blood flow in the circulatory system.

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20
Q

T/F. A muscular wall called a septum prevents the mixture of blood between the left and right sides of the heart.

A

True

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21
Q

T/F. The pressure is higher in the right ventricle during all stages of the cardiac cycle.

A

False

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22
Q

T/F. Normally, both atria contract at the same time, followed by both ventricles contracting at the same time.

A

True

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23
Q

T/F. An ectopic pacemaker (or ectopic focus) is a cluster of myocardial cells located away from the SA node that take over and regulate the cardiac pace.

A

True

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24
Q

T/F. Compared to larger arteries, smaller arteries and arterioles are less elastic and have a thicker layer of smooth muscle for their diameters.

A

True

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25
Q

T/F. “Fatty streaks” are gray-white areas that protrude from the tunica interna into the lumen of arteries and are the first signs of atherosclerosis and have been observed to a small degree in the aorta and coronary arteries by the age of 10 years.

A

True

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26
Q

Which of the following is not a broad area of function within the circulatory system?

A

neurochemical release

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27
Q

In the ABO system of red blood cell typing, which of the following genotypes would produce type O blood?

A

ii

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28
Q

A person whose blood genotype is IAi has red blood cells with _________ antigens bound to the outer membrane surface and anti-_____ antibodies floating in the plasma.

A

A; B

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29
Q

Which statement about erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn) is false?

A

The baby is born with an abnormally high number of red blood cells (anemia)

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30
Q

Which of the following events is the first to occur during the process of hemostasis after a blood vessel becomes injured?

A

The endothelial lining is damaged, exposing collagen proteins to the blood.

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31
Q

The most important ion involved in the blood clotting sequences is ________

A

Ca2+

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32
Q

At rest, each complete cardiac cycle lasts about 0.8 secs. of which diastole lasts _____ seconds and systole lasts ________ seconds.

A

0.5; 0.3

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33
Q

During one cardiac cycle, the major difference between the left and the right halves of the heart is that the ______

A

right heart pumps blood with less force (at lower pressure) than the left heart

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34
Q

Congenital septal defects are holes that form in the septum during the embryonic development of the heart - resulting in the abnormal flow of blood from _____________

A

the left side of the heart to the right

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35
Q

Action potentials in myocardial cells have a characteristic plateau phase, which is caused primarily by the ________

A

slow inward diffusion of Ca2+

36
Q

Normal venous return relies upon all of the following except ______

A

standing upright, perfectly still

37
Q

Pacemakers may be useful in treating _______

A

a third degree AV node block

38
Q

The exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the tissues occur in blood vessels called _______

A

Capillaries

39
Q

Lymph contains all of the following substances except __________

A

red blood cells and platelets

40
Q

T/F. Leukopoiesis is stimulated by cytokines.

A

True

41
Q

T/F. Aspirin is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis and would be expected to inhibit the platelet release reaction and slow the formation of a platelet plug.

A

True

42
Q

T/F. Iron deficiency anemia is usually due to a dietary deficiency of iron.

A

False

43
Q

T/F. During the isovolumetric contraction and isovolumetric relaxation phases, all four valves in the heart (both sets of AV and semilunar valves) are closed.

A

True

44
Q

T/F. Myocardial contractions can be summed just like contractions of skeletal muscle.

A

False

45
Q

The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute is called _______

A

Cardiac output

46
Q

The SA node depolarizes more frequently under the influence of ________

A

norepinephrine

47
Q

Any mechanism that increases heart rate is said to have a positive ______ effect

A

chronotropic

48
Q

The preload acting on a ventricle is equivalent to that chamber’s ______

A

end-diastolic volume

49
Q

The Frank-Starling law of the heart describes the relationship between ______

A

stroke volume, end-diastolic volume, and contraction strength

50
Q

The contractility of heart muscle is its ______

A

contraction strength at any given fiber length

51
Q

Edema could be caused by all of the following except ______

A

an elevated level of albumin in the blood plasma

52
Q

Osmoreceptors regulating the release of ADH are found in the _____

A

hypothalamus

53
Q

Low blood pressure stimulates the secretion of the Mineralocorticoid ________

A

aldosterone

54
Q

Production of angiotensin II indirectly ______

A

raises the blood volume

55
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) helps to lower blood pressure and is secreted by the _____

A

heart

56
Q

Of all the factors that can affect blood flow to a particular organ, the most effective and easiest to control from moment to moment is _______

A

vessel radius

57
Q

Intrinsic control of blood flow refers to the _______

A

control of blood flow by metabolic products of the tissues

58
Q

Arteriovenous anastomoses are found mainly in the _______

A

dermis of the skin

59
Q

___________ is a polypeptide vasodilator produced by the sweat glands.

A

Bradykinin

60
Q

A sphygmomanometer is used for ____

A

measuring blood pressure

61
Q

Baroreceptors are specialized pressure receptors found in the ______

A

aortic arch

62
Q

A severe infection could decrease blood pressure by causing _______

A

septic shock

63
Q

T/F. Cerebral blood flow remains fairly constant at about 750 ml/min, in spite of changes in brain activity, blood pressure, and blood flow to other organs.

A

True

64
Q

T/F. The net filtration pressure of the capillaries is equal to the hydrostatic pressure of tissue fluid outside the capillaries.

A

False

65
Q

T/F. All of the fluid filtered by the capillaries of the kidneys is ultimately excreted as urine.

A

False

66
Q

T/F. Decreased osmolality of the blood leads to decreased secretion of ADH.

A

True

67
Q

T/F. The arteries that supply blood to the organs are generally in a series with each other than in parallel with each other.

A

False

68
Q

T/F. If a person has an arterial blood pressure of 102/62, the mean arterial pressure would equal 82mmHg.

A

False

69
Q

If someone’s heart has a stroke volume of 70 ml and a heart rate of 90 beats/min, the cardiac output equals _____

A

6.3 L/min

70
Q

Stroke volume is regulated by all of the following except ____

A

cardiac output

71
Q

Contraction of the left ventricle of the heart at rest normally expels about ______ of the blood contained in the chamber.

A

60(–)70%

72
Q

A positive inotropic agent is something that ______

A

increases the contractility of myocardial fibers

73
Q

Veins are said to have a higher ____ than arteries because they expand more easily and a higher ___________ because they contain more blood

A

compliance; capacitance

74
Q

The hydrostatic pressure of blood in a capillary is 19 mmHg and that of the tissue fluid is 1 mmHg, while the colloid osmotic pressure of the blood is 23 mmHg and that of the tissue fluid is 0 mm Hg, at this particular portion of the capillary, fluid is being _______ with a net force of __________.

A

taken up; -5 mmHg

75
Q

According to the classic view of the Starling forces, capillaries usually tend to absorb fluid _______

A

at the venular end

76
Q

Myxedema is a disease caused by hypothyroidism, which causes production of excessive amounts of glycoprotein in the Interstitial spaces. The effect of this on capillary fluid dynamics would be to cause ___

A

reduced osmotic return of fluid and thus accumulation of fluid in the tissues resulting in edema

77
Q

During systole, the ventricular myocardium gets its oxygen supply mainly from ____

A

myoglobin

78
Q

During exercise, the cardiac output may rise to five times the resting value. In most people this is due mainly to an increase in ______

A

heart rate

79
Q

Cardiac output may drop when one goes from lying to a standing position because of _______

A

venous pooling

80
Q

Pulmonary edema, shortness of breath, and fatigue are most likely to result from _______

A

left-sided congestive heart failure

81
Q

T/F. All parasympathetic nerve fibers to the heart innervate the SA node.

A

False

82
Q

T/F. Cardiac control centers in the medulla oblongata receive input from baroreceptors located in some of the arteries.

A

True

83
Q

T/F. The heart’s contractility is adjusted so that normally each ventricle expels all the blood contained in it, leaving none behind in the chamber.

A

False

84
Q

T/F. Stroke volume is directly proportional to end-diastolic volume.

A

True

85
Q

T/F. In spite of the fact that the systemic vessels cover substantially more total length than the pulmonary vessels, the same amount of blood must flow through both of these systems at a given time.

A

True

86
Q

T/F. Since the veins contain most of the body’s blood at any one time, they have a higher blood pressure than any other type of vessel.

A

False

ZHuman Physiology (6 decks)

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