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ZHuman Physiology > Unit 1 MATERIAL > Flashcards

Unit 1 MATERIAL Flashcards

Ch 6-8

1
Q

Plasma membrane permeability

A

NO: proteins, nucleic acids
YES: ions, nutrients, and wastes

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2
Q

Carrier mediated transport

A

Facilitated diffusion and Active transport

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3
Q

Non-carried mediated transport

A

Simple diffusion

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4
Q

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

A

diffusion increases entropy

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5
Q

Rate of Diffusion depends on (4)

A

Magnitude of concentration difference – the driving force for diffusion.
Permeability of the membrane to the molecules.
Temperature of the solution; higher temperature increases the rate.
Surface area of the membrane; increased by microvilli.

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6
Q

Solutes that cannot cross a membrane and allow osmosis

A

Osmotically active

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7
Q

Force surrounding a cell required to stop osmosis

A

Osmotic pressure. Larger pressure for larger solute concentration.

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8
Q

Molarity

A

Moles solute/Liter solution

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9
Q

Molality

A

Moles solute/Liter solvent

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10
Q

Osmolality

A

Total molality of a solution when you combine all of the molecules within it. Different if particles dissociate in solution.

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11
Q

Tonicity

A

The effect of a solute concentration on the osmosis of water

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12
Q

When the water is drawn out of a cell it becomes

A

crenated

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13
Q

GLUT1

A

CNS

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14
Q

GLUT2

A

pancreatic beta cells and hepatocytes

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15
Q

GLUT3

A

neurons

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16
Q

GLUT4

A

adipose tissue & skeletal muscles

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17
Q

Ca2+ pump

A

active transport of Ca2 out of cells into cytoplasm and creates strong gradient for rapid into cytoplasm and causes neurotransmitters and muscle contraction

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18
Q

Na+/K+ pump

A

ATPase pumps out 3Na out and 2K in.
Energy for other coupled reactions.
Helps membrane potentials.
Maintains osmolality.

19
Q

Absorption

A

transport of digestive products across epithelium into the blood

20
Q

Reabsorption

A

transport of molecules out of the urinary filtrate back into the blood

21
Q

K+ is more highly concentrated __ the cell

A

inside/within

22
Q

Central nervous system is

A

Brain and spinal cord

23
Q

Peripheral Nervous system is

A

cranial and spinal nerves

24
Q

Multipolar neuron located entirely within the CNS

A

interneuron

25
Q

Neuron that transmits impulses from a sensory receptor into the CNS

A

Sensory neuron (Afferent)

26
Q

Neuron that transmits impulses from the CNS to an effector organ; for example, a muscle

A

Motor neuron (Efferent)

27
Q

Cablelike collection of many axons in the PNS; may be “mixed” (contain both sensory and motor fibers)

A

Nerve

28
Q

Nerve that stimulates contraction of skeletal muscles

A

Somatic motor nerve

29
Q

Nerve that stimulates contraction (or inhibits contraction) of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle and that stimulates glandular secretion. Sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

Autonomic motor nerve

30
Q

Grouping of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS

A

Ganglion

31
Q

Grouping of neuron cell bodies within the CNS

A

Nucleus

32
Q

Grouping of axons that interconnect regions of the CNS

A

Tract

33
Q

Group of neurons in the CNS is called

A

NUCLEI

34
Q

Group of neurons in the PNS is called

A

GANGLIA

35
Q

Anterograde transport

A

from cell body to dendrites and axon

36
Q

Retrograde transport

A

from dendrites and axon to the cell body; uses dynein molecular motors

37
Q

Satellite cells do what

A

support cell bodies within the ganglia of the PNS

38
Q

form myelin sheaths around the axons of CNS neurons

A

oligodendocrytes

39
Q

migrate around CNS tissue and phagocytize foreign and degenerated material

A

microglia

40
Q

regulate the external environment of the neurons

A

astrocytes

41
Q

line the ventricles and secrete cerebrospinal fluid

A

ependymal cells

42
Q

the T cells of the immune system attack the myelin sheaths of the PNS. This produces rapid onset of symptoms that include muscle weakness

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

43
Q

produced by an autoimmune attack by T lymphocytes causing lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages to enter the brain and target the myelin sheaths causing demyelination.

A

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

ZHuman Physiology (6 decks)

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