Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ZHuman Physiology > Unit 1 QUIZ > Flashcards

Unit 1 QUIZ Flashcards

Ch 6, 7, 8

1
Q

Extracellular amount of water in blood plasma

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The interstitial fluid comprises what percentage of the extracellular fluid?

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Glycoproteins that are found extending through the plasma membrane

A

Integrins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If transport through a cell membrane requires the expenditure of energy, it is called

A

Active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Movement of water through a cell membrane, rather than a solute, is called

A

osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which of the following substances is least able to diffuse through a living cellular membrane ?

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cells continually generate carbon dioxide and must get rid of it. The mechanism by which carbon dioxide moves out of cells is by

A

Simple diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ion channels in a cell membrane permit the selective passage of

A

Na+ and K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The number of molecules diffusing through a membrane per unit time (rate) depends on all of the following except the

A

availability of ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A high density of microvilli is to be expected especially on the surface of epithelial cells located in the

A

Small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Two solutions are said to differ in ___ if they have the different concentrations of non-penetrating solutes.

A

Tonicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Red blood cells placed in a hypertonic solution will

A

Crenate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When the body gains water and the blood becomes too diluted, it is detected by osmoreceptors located in the ____.

A

Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The primary effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is to

A

Lower the osmolality of the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cells take in oxygen by simple diffusion and glucose by facilitated diffusion. Therefore, oxygen uptake and glucose uptake will differ from each other in all of the following respects except

A

the need for ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Extracellular fluid contains up to 10,000 more calcium that intracellular fluid, and yet all the cells continue to pump out even more calcium. They could only do this by means of

A

active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Primary active transport involves a conformational change in the carrier protein. The most immediate stimulus for this is __

A

Phosphorylation (binding of the carrier protein to a phosphate group) within the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Living cells are negatively charged inside primarily because of

A

ATP, organic acids, and other negative molecules that cannot escape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The cell membrane is more permeable to __ than any other cation

A

K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The membrane of a resting cell leaks sodium and potassium ions, but the __ compensates for this and maintains the membrane potential near a constant value

A

Sodium/potassium pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Facilitated diffusion can transport molecules against a concentration gradient

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Simple diffusion does not require a living cell membrane

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The spontaneous, random diffusion of molecules creates a concentration gradient

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A concentration gradient is a state of low entropy

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The dialysis membranes used in the treatment of kidney disease do not allow plasma protein molecules to pass.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The basal lamina consists of collagen and is part of the extracellular matrix

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Solutes that cannot pass freely through a semipermeable membrane are said to be__

A

osmotically active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Warer passes from the tissue fluids into the blood capillaries mainly because

A

blood has a higher protein concentration than the tissue fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A deficiency of protein in the blood caused by liver disease such as cirrhosis, where the damaged liver is unable to produce protein albumin, leads to

A

edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The atomic weighs of the following elements are C=12, O=16, H=1. The formula for cludose is C6H16O6. Maltose is made by combining two glucose molecules with the removal of H and OH groups to form water as a by-product. Thus the molecular weight of maltose is

A

342

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Avogrado’s number is

A

how many molecules are present in one mole of a substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Glutamic acid weighs 147 grams per mole. To make a 1M solution of glutamic acid, you could___

A

Dissolve 147 g in enough water to make a 1L solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

In biological applications, it is often preferable to measure solution concentrations is molality rather than molarity, especially if comparing solutions of different substances. This is because

A

two solutions of the same molality have equivalent ratios of solute to water, but two solutions of the same molarity may not have equivalent ratios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which of the following solutions is isotonic relative to blood plasma

A

.15 m NaCl
.9% NaCl
5% dextrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Red blood cells placed in a 0.3m urea solution (urea is permeable) will exhibit

A

hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The carrier proteins of cell membranes have many properties in common with enzymes except

A

allosteric inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

In diabetes mellitus, the blood glucose level is high and glucose appears in the urine. This is due to a property of the carrier proteins along the kidney tubules, namely

A

saturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Some cells employ a countertransport (or antiport) mechanism to maintain a high extracellular Ca2+ concentration coupled to the passive inward diffusion of Na+. This best describes

A

secondary active transport of Ca2+ out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

When a cell reaches a potassium equilibrium

A

K+ outward diffusion is balanced by electrical attraction inward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The Nernst equation enables us to calculate the membrane voltage that exactly balances the diffusion of a particular ion down its concentration gradient. To use the equation, however, we must know all of the following, except the

A

equilibrium potential of the ion in millivolts (mV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Excessive vomiting, for example, can deplete the body’s K+ reserves and abnormally lower the potassium concentration in the plasma (hypokalemia). The membrane potential of cells under the influence of hypokalemia would record a value

A

somewhere between (-)65 and (-)90 mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Osmosis is the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from the side with a more concentrated solution to the side with a more dilute solution

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Proteins given intravenously would raise a patient’s blood volume and pressure

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Osmosis is the net diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane, so pure water has a lower osmotic pressure than any solution

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

The Na+/K+ pumps are found only in the nerve and muscle cells

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

The term, potential difference, means the amount of electrical charge (voltage) that exists across a cell membrane at any moment

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

A neuron generally has all of the following principle areas except

A

microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Which of the following is not a function of neurons

A

NONE.
Respond to physical and chemical stimuli.
Conduct electrical impulses.
Release specific chemical regulators.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

A grouping of cell bodies located within the central nervous system is known as

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

The numerous small extensions from the soma are known as the

A

dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

A ________ neuron transmits impulses from the periphery to the central nervous system.

A

Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Involuntary effectors are innervated by

A

autonomic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Myelin sheaths around axons located within the CNS are formed by

A

oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Which of the following cell types is not a supporting cell or glial cell of the nervous system

A

Association neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Arrange these action potential events in their proper sequence

A

1,4,2,5,6,3

56
Q

The diffusion of K+ out of the cell makes the inside of the cell less positive, or more negative, and acts to restore the original resting membrane potential. This process is called ___________

A

Repolarization

57
Q

During the absolute refractory period along an axon membrane of a neuron

A

The neuron is unable to respond to a stimulus of any intensity

58
Q

Nerve impulses are conducted along an axon without decrement. This means that the action potentials are conducted without

A

Decreasing amplitude

59
Q

Which of the following is not a neuron-neuron synapse

A

Neuromuscular junction

60
Q

Electrical synapses

A

require the presence of gap junction

61
Q

All of these neurons release acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter except

A

specific cardiac and smooth muscle fibers

62
Q

Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme located on or immediately outside the

A

postsynaptic membrane

63
Q

Which of the following statements of ESPSs is false

A

ESPSs are all-or-none events

64
Q

The first voltage-regulated gates encountered along the neuron membrane, which initiate the formation of action potentials, are located on the neuron near the

A

axon hillock

65
Q

Cocaine stimulates the synapses of specific neurons that release dopamine and other monoamines, by

A

blocking the dopamine or monoamine reuptake into the presynaptic axon ending

66
Q

The central nervous system includes the brain and cranial nerves

A

False

67
Q

Neuroglia are a type fo neuron that functions in support of the other types of neurons in the nervous system

A

False

68
Q

a mixed nerve contains both sensory and motor neurons

A

true

69
Q

The Nissel bodies of the cell body contain densely staining areas of active mitochondria.

A

False

70
Q

Orthograde (forward flow) and retrograde (reverse flow) transport in neurons is characteristic of the more rapid form of molecule movement in the neuron called axonal transport.

A

True

71
Q

Spaces (pores) are found between the endothelial cells lining the capillary wall in the brain. These pores help form the blood-brain barrier.

A

False

72
Q

The specialized cells of the PNS that are surrounded by a basement membrane that is capable of forming a regeneration tube through which a severed peripheral axon can regrow are the

A

Schwann cells

73
Q

In the developing fetal nervous system, development of the sensory neurons requires the actions of

A

neurotropin-3

74
Q

The production and release of lactate to provide energy to the neurons is a function of the

A

Astrocytes

75
Q

In the absence of stimuli, all cells in the body maintain a potential difference across the membrane called the __________, in which the inside of the cell is negatively charged in comparison to the outside of the cell.

A

resting membrane potential

76
Q

If a resting neuron is stimulated and there is an inward flow of positive charges into the cell, the membrane potential will

A

move upward away from the resting potential and closer to zero

77
Q

The term “voltage regulated” means that the

A

membrane voltage gated ion channels open and close with changes in the membrane potential

78
Q

Which statement about the action potential or nerve impulse is false

A

The Na+/K+ pumps are directly involved in creating the action potential.

79
Q

Local anesthetics__

A

block the opening of the voltage regulated sodium ion channels

80
Q

As the action potential frequency in a presynaptic neuron increases, the number of vesicles undergoing exocytosis __________ and the number of released neurotransmitter molecules __

A

increases; increases

81
Q

When neurotransmitters binds to a receptor on the target cell and produces depolarization, the neurotransmitter

A

produced an EPSP

82
Q

Which of the following statements describes nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors as opposed to muscarinic ACh receptors?

A

Nicotinic receptors are closed until ACh molecules bind to the receptor proteins.

83
Q

EPSPs produced by many different presynaptic fibers converging on a single postsynaptic neuron, causing summation on the postsynaptic dendrites and cell body best describes

A

spatial summation

84
Q

Along myelinated sections between nodes in a myelinated axon, electrical signals are conducted by

A

Saltatorial conduction

85
Q

These lipid molecules may function as retrograde neurotransmitters and allow the postsynaptic neuron to decrease release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron.

A

endocannabinoids

86
Q

A neuron poisoned with cyanide so that is can’t produce ATP is still able to produce action potential for a period of time.

A

True

87
Q

Myelin sheaths around the high number of axons in the CNS give this tissue a gray color therefore it is called the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord.

A

False

88
Q

The instrument that displays images of upward and downward changes in the membrane potential on a cathode-ray fluorescent screen is called a voltmeter.

A

False

89
Q

A negative feedback loop is created as the rate of Na+ entry increases as the rate of membrane depolarization increases in an explosive fashion.

A

False

90
Q

The greater the strength of the stimulus the greater the amplitude of action potentials; therefore the code for stimulus strength is amplitude modulated, not frequency modulated.

A

False

91
Q

Action potentials conducted along thicker, unmyelinated fibers are conducted faster than those along thin unmyelinated fibers.

A

True

92
Q

In the fourth week after conception, the anterior end of the neural tube differentiates into three principal swellings, which later become regions of the brain. Which of the following is not one of these three swellings?

A

neuroencephalon

93
Q

The ___________ layer of the embryo gives rise to the tissues of the nervous system

A

Ectoderm

94
Q

The central cavities in the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid are known as _

A

ventricles

95
Q

The gray matter of the brain constitutes primarily the ________ portion of the brain

A

cortex

96
Q

The right and left cerebral hemispheres are connected to each other mainly by a bundle of nerve fibers called the

A

corpus callous

97
Q

The cerebrum is divided into five lobes, including all of the following except the

A

sagittal

98
Q

Impulses from the cochlea of the ear are transmitted to what part of the brain

A

the temporal lobes

99
Q

Your attempt to answer this questions will most likely cause increased ___ activity in your cerebrum

A

beta wave

100
Q

The structures in the brain that compromise the limbo system are involved in

A

goal-directed behaviors

101
Q

Which of the following are not found in the midbrain

A

Cerebral nuclei

102
Q

The pons includes all fo the following except the

A

Cardial control center

103
Q

Humans have a total of ___ cranial nerves

A

24

104
Q

The structure in the brain responsible for conscious thought, intellect, memory storage and processing, controlling the movement sensation is the ___

A

cerebrum

105
Q

The _____ is the structure of the CNS that filters sensory input, allowing about 1% of sensory information to reach the cerebrum.

A

Thalamus

106
Q

Which of the following is not a nucleus within the hypothalamus

A

Red nucleus

107
Q

Visual input from the left eye is transmitted to both left and right occipital lobes because of the crossing-over of the optic nerve fibers.

A

False

108
Q

Movement of the limbs is largely under the control of the limbic system

A

False

109
Q

The two hormones of the posterior lobe of the pituitary are actually synthesized in the hypothalamus and not in the pituitary gland

A

True

110
Q

The pons receives sensory input from the muscles and tendons

A

False

111
Q

The hypothalamus controls the posterior lobe of the pituitary by means of the hypothalamo-hypophysela nerve tract but it does not have any control over the anterior love

A

False

112
Q

All nerve fibers that communicate between the brain and spinal cord must pass through the medulla oblongata

A

True

113
Q

The spinal cord has a cortex of gray matter surrounding a central core (medulla) made up of white matter

A

False

114
Q

Nerve fibers of the major ascending tracts of the spinal cord originate mainly in the posterior or dorsal horn of the spinal cord

A

False

115
Q

Only one of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves is purely sensory

A

False

116
Q

Sensations from the skin are converted to perceptions in which part of the brain

A

The postcentral gyrus

117
Q

The ___ scan uses radioisotopes to obtain an image

A

PET

118
Q

Damage to ___causes a person to speak very slowly and with poor articulation

A

Broca’s area

119
Q

Fear appears to be processed by what part of the brain

A

The limbic system

120
Q

Damage to the corporal quadrigemina in the midbrain would impair

A

vision and hearing

121
Q

damage to the cerebellum causes

A

ataxia

122
Q

The pyramids of the medulla oblongata are the sites of

A

decussation of nerve tracts

123
Q

The vagus nerve carries parasympathetic nerve stimulation to most of the thoracic and abdominant viscera and originates in the

A

medulla oblongata

124
Q

The drug nicotine will affect the nervous system by

A

stimulating a subset of cholinergic receptors

125
Q

Which of the following would be considered a descending spinal cord tract

A

the corticospinal tract

126
Q

The reticulospinal (extrapyramidal) nerve tract consist of fibers that originate in the

A

reticular formation

127
Q

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) found in many mammals (probably including humans) detects sex attracting chemicals (pheromones). When the pheromone is detected, sexual arousal will be initiated. To what unconscious brain area would the VNO deliver information?

A

Hypothalamus

128
Q

Each cerebral hemisphere received information only from the contralateral side of the body

A

False

129
Q

Right-handed people have better chances of recovering from damage to Broca’s area than left-handed people

A

False

130
Q

The cerebral cortex of the brain has extensive nerve connections to the limbic system and exerts strong control over its functions

A

False

131
Q

Several cranial nerves originate from nuclei located in the hindbrain

A

True

132
Q

The reticular activating system (RAS) responds to somatestheic sensations arriving via the spinal cord, but not to visual or auditory sensations that bypass this center

A

False

133
Q

If the corticospinal tracts are served at the level of the lumbar vertebrae, a person will be paralyzed from the neck down.

A

False

134
Q

The cerebellum has many nerve fibers that travel down the des sending spinal tracts to coordinate the activity of skeletal muscle.

A

False

135
Q

Movements of the eyeball are controlled by the optic nerves

A

False

ZHuman Physiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions