UNIT 3 - PART 3

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

the means by which we draw on our past experiences in order to use this information in the present.

Question 2

Stages of Memory

Answer 2

Encoding
Storage
Retrieval

Question 3

Types of Memory Systems

Answer 3

Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Long-term memory

Question 4

holds sensory information very briefly.

Answer 4

Sensory memory

Question 5

briefly stores information currently being used.

Answer 5

Short-term memory

Question 6

relatively stores information at a longer duration.

Answer 6

Long-term memory

Question 7

Our ability to locate information that has previously been stored in the memory

Answer 7

Retrieval

Question 8

States that how we retrieve the information depends on how it was encoded in the first place

Answer 8

Encoding specificity principle

Question 9

Improved recall of specific episodes or information when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same

Answer 9

Context-dependent memory

Question 10

Imagining the setting may be sufficient

Answer 10

Context-dependent memory

Question 11

Memory retrieval is most efficient when an individual is in the same state of consciousness as they were when the memory was formed

Answer 11

State-dependent memory

Question 12

the apparent loss or modification of information already encoded and stored in an individual’s long-term memory

Answer 12

Forgetting

Question 13

it is a spontaneous or gradual process in which old memories are unable to be recalled from memory storage

Answer 13

Forgetting

Question 14

Causes of Forgetting

Answer 14

Retrieval Failure
Ineffective Encoding
Trace Decay
Interference
Repression or Motivated Forgetting

Question 15

Causes of Forgetting (Biological)

Answer 15

Physical Injury or Trauma

Anterograde amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
Korsakoff’s syndrome
Alzheimer’s disease
Dementia

Question 16

the failure to recall a memory due to missing stimuli or cues that were present at the time the memory was encoded

Answer 16

Retrieval Failure

Question 17

This type of forgetting is caused because the person did not pay attention in the first place; the information never made its way into long-term memory

Answer 17

Ineffective Encoding

Question 18

information is forgotten because memories simply fade away or decay with the passage of time

Answer 18

Trace Decay

Question 19

forgetting occurs because recall of certain words interferes with recall of other words

Answer 19

Interference

Question 20

traumatic events are so shocking that all memory of them is forced from consciousness – repressed -into hidden recesses of unconscious

Answer 20

Repression or Motivated Forgetting

Question 21

the inability to remember events that occur after an injury or traumatic event.

Answer 21

Anterograde amnesia

Question 22

the inability to remember events that occurred before an injury or traumatic event.

Answer 22

Retrograde amnesia

Question 23

individuals who consume large amounts of alcohol for many years develop this serious illness

Answer 23

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Question 24

begins with mild problems until they experience an almost total loss of memory

Answer 24

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 25

a usually progressive condition (as Alzheimer’s disease) marked by deteriorated cognitive functioning

Answer 25

Dementia

Question 26

can be used to aid our retrieval by helping us organize and add meaningfulness to new material

Answer 26

Mnemonic Devices

Question 27

MNEMONIC DEVICES

Answer 27

1. Categorical Clustering
2. Acronym
3. Acrostics
4. Music Mnemonic
5. Semantic network model
6. Narrative Chaining
7. Connection Mnemonic
8. Image/Model Mnemonic
9. Chunking