UNIT 3 - PART 3 Flashcards
Memory
the means by which we draw on our past experiences in order to use this information in the present.
Stages of Memory
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Types of Memory Systems
Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
holds sensory information very briefly.
Sensory memory
briefly stores information currently being used.
Short-term memory
relatively stores information at a longer duration.
Long-term memory
Our ability to locate information that has previously been stored in the memory
Retrieval
States that how we retrieve the information depends on how it was encoded in the first place
Encoding specificity principle
Improved recall of specific episodes or information when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same
Context-dependent memory
Imagining the setting may be sufficient
Context-dependent memory
Memory retrieval is most efficient when an individual is in the same state of consciousness as they were when the memory was formed
State-dependent memory
the apparent loss or modification of information already encoded and stored in an individual’s long-term memory
Forgetting
it is a spontaneous or gradual process in which old memories are unable to be recalled from memory storage
Forgetting
Causes of Forgetting
Retrieval Failure
Ineffective Encoding
Trace Decay
Interference
Repression or Motivated Forgetting
Causes of Forgetting (Biological)
Physical Injury or Trauma
Anterograde amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
Korsakoff’s syndrome
Alzheimer’s disease
Dementia
the failure to recall a memory due to missing stimuli or cues that were present at the time the memory was encoded
Retrieval Failure
This type of forgetting is caused because the person did not pay attention in the first place; the information never made its way into long-term memory
Ineffective Encoding
information is forgotten because memories simply fade away or decay with the passage of time
Trace Decay
forgetting occurs because recall of certain words interferes with recall of other words
Interference
traumatic events are so shocking that all memory of them is forced from consciousness – repressed -into hidden recesses of unconscious
Repression or Motivated Forgetting
the inability to remember events that occur after an injury or traumatic event.
Anterograde amnesia
the inability to remember events that occurred before an injury or traumatic event.
Retrograde amnesia
individuals who consume large amounts of alcohol for many years develop this serious illness
Korsakoff’s syndrome
begins with mild problems until they experience an almost total loss of memory
Alzheimer’s disease
