UNIT 2 - PART 2

Question 1

Explained children’s development in terms of innate biological processes

Answer 1

Biological Theory

Question 2

______ plays an important role in growth and development of the individual

Answer 2

Heredity

Question 3

hereditary factor that carry the traits that were contributed by the parents

Answer 3

Genes

Question 4

a molecule composed of two chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

Answer 4

DNA – (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 5

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Answer 5

Chromosomes

Question 6

determine the features or trait of an organism

Answer 6

Genotype

Question 7

variants of a gene (Dominant and Recessive)

Answer 7

Allele

Question 8

contain two identical alleles

Answer 8

Homozygous

Question 9

two alleles are different

Answer 9

Heterozygous

Question 10

expression of the genotype; depends on a complex interaction between genes and the environment

Answer 10

Phenotype

Question 11

influenced by multiple genes interacting with the environment in complex ways

Answer 11

Polygenic traits

Question 12

traits that are passed on from generation to generation; appeared in all first generation offspring

Answer 12

Dominant traits

Question 13

appeared in about 1-quarter of the second generation offspring

Answer 13

Recessive traits

Question 14

used to predict the possible genotypes of an offspring
that may affect the expression of the phenotype

Answer 14

Punnett Square

Question 15

Punnett Square is devised by

Answer 15

Reginald C. Punnett

Question 16

Father of Genetics

Answer 16

Gregor Mendel

Question 17

He formulated three laws that explain how traits are transferred from generation to generation

Answer 17

Gregor Mendel

Question 18

The Three Laws under Genetics

Answer 18

Law of Dominance
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment

Question 19

– the presence of one dominant gene may mask or prevent the expression of recessive gene.

Answer 19

Law of Dominance

Question 20

– a pair of genes is separated during the formation of gametes with every independent trait or characteristics developing

Answer 20

Law of Segregation

Question 21

– the separation of gene pairs on a given pair of chromosomes and the distribution of the genes during meiosis are entirely independent of the distribution of other gene pairs on the other pair of chromosomes. Each trait can hence be paired with the other trait in the pair.

Answer 21

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 22

According to him, there are systems that help human development

Answer 22

Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917-2005) under Ecological Theory

Question 23

List down the systems that help human development

Answer 23

Microsystem
Mesosystem
Exosystem
Macrosystem
Chronosystem

Question 24

– locale in which the individual lives; help shape the individual (family, peers, neighbourhood)

Answer 24

Microsystem

Question 25

– relationship between and among the parts of microsystem

Answer 25

Mesosystem

Question 26

– includes the other people and places the individual may not interact with but still has a large effect

Answer 26

Exosystem

Question 27

– Most distant set of people but still has a great influence

Answer 27

Macrosystem

Question 28

– result of the individual‟s experience in his life; includes the transitions and shifts in one’s lifespan. This may also involve the socio-historical contexts that may influence a person.

Answer 28

Chronosystem

Question 29

The maturation theory was introduced in 1925 by the American psychologist ________, who was also a pediatrician and educator.

Answer 29

Arnold Lucius Gesell

Question 30

According to their theory of maturation, all children _____________. That is, each child goes at their own pace, but the expected thing is that they do the learning in the same sequence.

Answer 30

go through the same stages of development in the same order but not necessarily presenting them at the same time

Question 31

______ considered that genetics and the environment play a very important role in the development of the person, however his research focused especially on the physiological part of development.

Answer 31

Arnold Lucius Gesell

Question 32

Using his language, the term
“________” for Gesell refers to a more biological process that is not so much social, in which the influence of genes is given more weight than environmental factors to which the person be exposed.

Answer 32

maturation

Question 33

The theory holds that each baby has its own _______ rate, which will be optimized if the _______ is aware of how the child is developing and gives the necessary social stimuli given in due course.

Answer 33

maturation

social environment

Question 34

From the theory, it is extracted that once the child has acquired the full development of his __________, he can master multiple individual and social capacities.

Answer 34

nervous system

Question 35

Arnold Lucius Gesell believed that child development occurs according to a __________ of growth.

Answer 35

predetermined, naturally unfolding plan