Unit 3 - Neonatal 1

Question 1

What is the average length of gestation in the horse?

Answer 1

330-345 days

Question 2

What should happen in the first 5 minutes of a neonates life?

Answer 2

It should have the righting response and be BAR

Question 3

What is the 1-2-3 rule (what should occur)?

Answer 3

1 hour - Securely standing
2 hours - Nursing Well
3 hours - Mare passed fetal membranes

Question 4

When should the foal pass its meconium?

Answer 4

within 1-4 hours of life

Question 5

When should colts urinate by? Fillies?

Answer 5

Colts - 6 hours

Fillies - 11 hours

Question 6

How much should foals gain per day?

Answer 6

1-2 pounds

Question 7

How much do foals drink per day?

Answer 7

20-25% of their body weight in milk per day

Question 8

When observing a foal, what are some normal behaviors that you should see?

Answer 8

Follow their mare, be curious (explore), and play

Question 9

What is the foals daily ‘routine’?

Answer 9

Sleep, get up, urinate, nurse, play, and sleep.

Question 10

What should the skin and hair coat look like on a PE of a foal?

Answer 10

The skin is intact, and free of ulcerations. The hair coat should not be too short but not too long.

Question 11

What should the foals ears look like?

Answer 11

Erect, warm, and mobile

Question 12

What should the eyes look like?

Answer 12

Clear, no ocular discharge

Question 13

What should the nose look like?

Answer 13

Equal exhales, free of discharge, and no milk coming from the nares

Question 14

What should the mouth look like?

Answer 14

There should be a suckle response, appropriate dentition(no incisors), and confirmation - look for a cleft palate

Question 15

What CN response is it normal for foals not to have?

Answer 15

a menace response

Question 16

True or False: Open mouth breathing is normal in a foal.

Answer 16

False - remember, foals are obligate nose breathers

Question 17

What can entropion indicate in a foal?

Answer 17

It was born early or it could be dehydrated

Question 18

What HR is normal for the first few weeks of life in a foal?

Answer 18

80-100 bpm

Question 19

If there is an arrhythmia in a foal, when should it resolve?

Answer 19

Within the first few hours

Question 20

What cardiac abnormality is normal in horses and should resolve within the first four days of life?

Answer 20

PDA

Question 21

True or False: You should try to get a RR before you touch a foal.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

When doing thoracic palpation, what should you feel for?

Answer 22

Swelling, irregularity, and free floating ribs

Question 23

When can injuries to the thorax happen in a neonate?

Answer 23

During parturition - need to monitor if there are rib fracters

Question 24

How should the abdomen of a foal feel on palpation?

Answer 24

Soft and pliable

Question 25

How should the urachus be on a foal?

Answer 25

dry, not swollen - palpate for a hernia

Question 26

True or False: If a foal passes meconium immediately after parturition it is normal.

Answer 26

False - it is a big problem

Question 27

What are some abnormal things that can be found on PE of a foals legs?

Answer 27

Swelling and laxity - can lead to nursing problems

Question 28

True or False: A hyperemic coronary band is not normal.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

True or False: It is normal for a mare to be dripping colostrum prior to parturition.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Why is it hard to pick up early corneal ulcers on PE in a foal?

Answer 30

Because their corneas are insensitive - need fluoresceine stain

Question 31

What are normal serum chemistry findings in a foal (as compared to adults)?

Answer 31

Elevated ALP due to bone turnover
Mild elevation in GGT
Low Na and Cl due to intake of milk

Question 32

What are normal UA findings of a foal (as compared to adults)?

Answer 32

May have transient proteinuria in the first 1-2 days of life

Urine should be DILUTE