Unit 2 - Neuro 1

Question 1

If a horse has vestibular disease, what cranial nerves could be affected?

Answer 1

The facial and the vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 2

What are the clinical signs of vestibular disease?

Answer 2

head tilt, reluctance to move, nystagmus, circling, leaning, falling, recumbency, and asymetric ataxia

Question 3

If there is peripheral vestibular disease, where will the poll lean during the head tilt? Central vestibular disease?

Answer 3

In peripheral the poll turns towards the lesion. In central vestibular disease, the poll may turn away from the lesion

Question 4

If there is peripheral vestibular disease, what type of nystagmus is there? Central vestibular disease?

Answer 4

In peripheral, the nystagmus is usually horizontal or rotary and the fast phase is away from the lesion. In central, the nystagmus is non-specific (can be anything)

Question 5

What can cause peripheral vestibular disease?

Answer 5

Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO), otitis interna/media, and idiopathic labyrinthitis

Question 6

What can cause central vestibular disease?

Answer 6

Space occupying lesions, alpha encephalitis, WNV, EHM, and parasite migration (more likely to cause central, but can cause peripheral)

Question 7

What can cause either peripheral or central vestibular disease?

Answer 7

EPM and trauma

Question 8

What causes temporoyoid osteoarthropothy (THO)?

Answer 8

Osteoarthropathy of the stylohyoid bone, tympanic bulla, and petrous portion of the temporal bone

Question 9

Is the cause of THO known?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

What clinical signs are associated with THO?

Answer 10

Sudden onset of asymmetric CN7 and/or CN8 disease

Question 11

How is THO diagnosed?

Answer 11

Endoscopy (diagnostic of choice), radiographs, and CT

Question 12

How is THO treated?

Answer 12

Medical management with supportive therapy, soft palatal diet, anti-inflammatories, and anti-microbials
Or treat with surgery

Question 13

Does medical management or surgery for THO have a better prognosis?

Answer 13

Surgical management has a better prognosis

Question 14

What is the cause of cerebellar abiotrophy?

Answer 14

apoptosis of purkinje cells in the cerebellum - it is a genetic mutation in Arabians

Question 15

What clinical signs are associated with cerebellar abiotrophy?

Answer 15

Begin showing signs between 6 weeks anf 4 months of age
Intention tremors
Base-wide stance
Visual, but lack a menace response

Question 16

How is cerebellar abiotrophy treated?

Answer 16

there is no treatment

Question 17

What might you see post-mortem in patients with cerebellar abiotrophy?

Answer 17

Grossly, the brain appears normal. There is thinning of the cerebral cortex and reduction in the number of purkinje cells.