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Equine Medicine > Unit 3 - Dermatology 1 > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Dermatology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What causes infectious folliculitis?

A

Dermatophilosis, dermatophytosis, and pyoderma

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2
Q

What does pyoderma result from?

A

A break in normal physical defenses such as surgical incisions, allergies, endocrine disorders, keratinization disorders, wounds, and trauma

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3
Q

What are the causative agents of pyoderma?

A

S. aureus (most common), S. pseudintermedius, and S. hyicus

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4
Q

What clinical signs are associated with pyoderma in the horse?

A

Multiple small papules, pustules, or crusts that are focal or widespread - they have a tendency to coalesce

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5
Q

How is pyoderma diagnosed?

A

Cytology of the pustules and under crusts, culture, and biopsy

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6
Q

How is pyoderma treated?

A

Topical or systemic antimicrobials, and address the underlying cause

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7
Q

Is topical or systemic therapy preferred in the treatment of pyoderma? Why?

A

Topical therapy is preferred because systemic drugs can cause GI upset

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8
Q

What are the options for topical pyoderma therapy?

A

Chlorhexidine, Benzoyl peroxide, and SSD cream

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9
Q

What are the options for systemic pyoderma therapy?

A

TMS, enrofloxacin, doxycycline, and ceftiofur

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10
Q

What is dermatophilosis also known as?

A

rain rot

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11
Q

What causes rain rot?

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

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12
Q

Why are the crusts caused by rain rot a serious problem?

A

They are contagious and are the infectious agent

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13
Q

What are the keys to developing rain rot?

A

Break in the normal skin barrier and moisture

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14
Q

What clinical signs are associated with rain rot?

A

Papules that progress to thick, painful crusts with an erosive underside

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15
Q

How is rain rot diagnosed?

A

History and clinical appearance, cytology, and biopsy

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16
Q

What does rain rot look like under the microscope?

A

railroad tracks

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17
Q

How is rain rot treated?

A

Place the horse in a dry environment, crust removal, topical chlorohexidine, and potentially systemic therapy (TMS has less GI signs)

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18
Q

What are the etiologic agents of dermatophytosis in horses?

A

T. equinum, T. verrucosum, and M. equinum

19
Q

What clinical signs are associated with dermatophytosis in horses?

A

Very variable, but lesions tend to enlarge with a erythemic, crusted margin - they are not symmetrical
Localize on the head, neck, and forelimbs

20
Q

How is dermatophytosis diagnosed?

A

The best option is a fungal culture

21
Q

How is dermatophytosis treated?

A

It is a self-limiting illness that typically only lasts 1-4 months so selective isolation is important
Topical therapy and systemic therapy can be used

22
Q

Where does psoroptic mange localize in the horse?

A

Head, mane, and tail

23
Q

How long does psoroptes survive off the host?

A

14-21 days

24
Q

How is psoroptic mange treated?

A

Ivermectin, moxidectin, or eprinomectin

25
Q

Where does chorioptic mange localize?

A

the leg and the tail

26
Q

How long does Chorioptes survive of the host?

A

70 days

27
Q

How is chorioptic mange treated?

A

lime sulfur and fipronil spray

28
Q

How are parasitic dermatoses in horses spread?

A

Direct and indirect contact -they are very contagious

29
Q

What may be required to contain the spread of parasitic dermatoses?

A

Quarantine of a barn because of the prolonged off-host survival time

30
Q

True or False: Pastern dermatitis is due to a single etiologic agent.

A

False - it is not a single disease, it is a reaction pattern - think of it as a syndrome not a diagnosis

31
Q

What clinical signs are associated with pastern dermatitis?

A

Localized on the caudal aspect with rear legs affected more commonly
Usually bilateral
Edema, erythema, and scaling which quickly progresses to exudation and crusting
Failure to treat secondary infections and address primary cause leads to chronic changes

32
Q

What history is important to obtain when addressing pastern dermatitis?

A 
Age of onset
seasonal/non-seasonal
Pruritic?
What has been applied - response?
Environmental conditions
Are they turned out - what time
Other horses affected?
How many legs affected?
Pigmented vs. non-pigmented
Vaccine history
Travel?
Farrier
33
Q

How is pastern dermatitis diagnosed?

A

Skin scrape, cytology, DTM culture, biopsy +/- culture, and blood work

34
Q

What are the general treatment recommendations for pastern dermatitis?

A 
Attempt to identify the primary cause and provide specific treatment
Clean and dry housing
Release horses once dew has dried
If an irritant or contact allergy is suspected eliminate source
Clip the pasterns
Frequent cleaning
Topical glucocorticoids
Systemic antibiotics
35
Q

What is chronic progressive lymphedema?

A

Progressive swelling and thickening of the distal extremities

36
Q

What breed is chronic progressive lymphedema commonly found in?

A

draft horses

37
Q

When does chronic progressive lymphedema typically occur(signalment)?

A

Early onset of 2-4 years of age

38
Q

What clinical signs are associated with chronic progressive lymphedema?

A

Progressive scarring and ulcerations of the lower extremities and secondary complications

39
Q

How is chronic progressive lymphedema diagnosed?

A

Clinical findings, radiographs, and biopsy

40
Q

How is chronic progressive lymphedema treated?

A 
Clip the feathers
Topical antimicrobial therapy
Clear Chorioptes
Light exercise
Daily skin care
Hoof care
Decongestive therapy
41
Q

What age is pastern leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with?

A

mature horses

42
Q

How is pastern leukocytoclassic vasculitis diagnosed?

A

History, rule out other cause of photosensitization, and biopsy

43
Q

How is pastern leukocytoclassic vasculitis treated?

A

Treat the secondary infections - chlorhexidine spray, decrease UV exposure, steroids, pentoxifylline, and prevent subsequent flares

Equine Medicine (27 decks)

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