Unit 3 module 22-23 Flashcards
When does most exponential growth stop or slow down.
When the environmental limit is reached.
Global human population has grown more rapidly in the 400 years than at any other time in history.
Human population growth
What are factors that drive human population growth?
- Population size
- Birth and Death rates
- Fertility
- Life expectancy
- Migration
The study of human populations and population trends.
Demography
A scientist in the field of demography
Demographer
The movement of people into a country or region, from another country or region.
Immigration
The movement of people out of a country or region.
Emigration
The number of births per 1,000 individuals per year.
Crude birth rate (CBR)
The number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year.
Crude Death rate (CDR)
The number of years it takes a population to double
Doubling time
An estimate of the average number of children that each woman in a population will bear throughout her childbearing years.
Total fertility rate (TFR)
The total fertility rate required to offset the average number of deaths in a population in order to maintain the current population size.
Replacement-level fertility
Why does replacement level fertility tend to be higher in developing countries.
because mortality among young people tends to be higher in developing countries
The average number of years that an infant born in a particular year in a particular country can be expected to live, given the current average life span and death rate in that country.
Life expectancy
The number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births.
Infant mortality
The number of deaths of children under age 5 per 1,000 live births.
child mortality
Regardless of birth and death rates, a country may experience population growth, stability, or decline as a result of net migration.
Migration
The difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1,000 people in a country.
Net migration rate
An age structure diagram that is widest at the bottom and smallest at the top, typical of developing countries.
population pyramid
Continued population growth after growth reduction measures have been implemented.
population momentum
A visual representation of the number of individuals within specific age groups for a country, typically expressed for males and females.
Age structure diagram
CBR-CDR) ÷ 10
Global population growth rate
(CBR + immigration) - (CDR + emigration) ÷ 10
National population growth rate
70 ÷ growth rate
Doubling time
The theory that as a country moves from a subsistence economy to industrialization and increased affluence it undergoes a predictable shift in population growth.
Theory of demographic transition
A country with relatively high levels of industrialization and income.
Developed country
A country with relatively low levels of industrialization and income.
Developing country
The state of having plentiful wealth including the possession of money, goods, or property.
Affluence
The practice of regulating the number or spacing of offspring through the use of birth control.
Family planning
More than one-half of the world’s population will live in urban settings by 2030.
Urban growth
An area that contains more than 385 people per square kilometer (1,000 people per square mile).
Urban area
A measure of the value of all products and services produced in one year in one country.
Gross domestic product (GDP)
An equation used to estimate the impact of the human lifestyle on the environment
IPAT equation
Impact = population × affluence × technology.
IPAT equation
Many countries exceed the global average
footprint of 2.7 ha per capita.
Per capita ecological footprints.
Slow population growth because high birth rates and high death rates which offset each other.
Phase 1: The Theory of Demographic Transition
Rapid population growth because birth rates remain high but death rates decline because of better sanitation, clean drinking water, availability of food and health care. (What is “cultural lag”?)
Phase 2: The Theory of Demographic Transition
Stable population growth as the economy and educational system improves and people have fewer children.
Phase 3: The Theory of Demographic Transition
Declining population growth because the relatively high level of affluence and economic develop encourage women to delay having children.
Phase 4: The Theory of Demographic Transition
