Chapter 5 (module 14 + 15)

Question 1

How many species has scientists approximately named?

Answer 1

2 million species

Question 2

What is the majority of the species named?

Answer 2

insects

Question 3

The number of species in a given area

Answer 3

Species richness

Question 4

The relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a given area

Answer 4

Species evenness

Question 5

How does it help scientists by knowing the species richness or evenness?

Answer 5

It helps because it gives them a baseline they can use to determine how much an ecosystem has changed.

Question 6

What are 2 different measure of species diversity?

Answer 6

species richness and evenness

Question 7

The branching pattern of evolutionary relationships.

Answer 7

Phylogeny

Question 8

What are phylogenies based on?

Answer 8

The similarity of traits among species.

Question 9

Indicates how different groups of organisms are related and show where speciation events occur.

Answer 9

Phylogenetic tree

Question 10

A change in the genetic composition

Answer 10

evolution

Question 11

evolution below the species level, a change in gene frequency in a population.

Answer 11

micro evolution

Question 12

evolution that gives rise to new species, genera, family, classes or phyla

Answer 12

macro evolution

Question 13

A physical location on the chromosomes within each cell of an organism

Answer 13

gene

Question 14

The complete set of genes in an individual

Answer 14

Genotype

Question 14

A set of traits expressed by an individual

Answer 14

Phenotype

Question 15

A random change in the genetic code produced by a mistake in the copying process.

Answer 15

mutation

Question 16

a genetic disorder that creates moon cells

Answer 16

sickle cell anemia

Question 17

people with sickle cell have some genetic protection against _____

Answer 17

malaria

Question 18

The genetic process by which one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome during reproductive cell division

Answer 18

Recombination

Question 19

What allows new allele combinations to come together, which provides new immune defenses.

Answer 19

Recombination

Question 20

Process that doesn’t create new genes, but brings together new combinations of alleles on a chromosome, producing new traits.

Answer 20

Recombination

Question 21

The process in which humans determine which individuals breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind.

Answer 21

evolution through artificial selection

Question 22

unintended result of artificial selection

Answer 22

herbicide resistance

Question 23

the process in which the environment determines which individuals survive and reproduce

Answer 23

evolution by natural selection

Question 24

All species produce an excess amount of offspring and only the fittest genotypes will pass on their genes on the next generation

Answer 24

natural selection

Question 25

An individuals ability to survive and reproduce

Answer 25

fitness

Question 25

a trait that improves an individuals fitness

Answer 25

Adaptation

Question 25

As the number of mutations accumulates in a population over time, evolution occur

Answer 25

evolution by mutation

Question 25

the process by which individuals move from one population to another and thereby alter the genetic composition of both populations

Answer 25

gene flow

Question 25

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating

Answer 25

Genetic drift

Question 26

evolution that can occur through random process

Answer 26

Mutation, gene flow, gene drift, bottleneck effect, and founders effect

Question 27

a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size

Answer 27

bottleneck effect

Question 28

the death of the last member of a population

Answer 28

extinction

Question 29

a change in the genetic composition of a population as a result of descending from a small number of colonizing individuals

Answer 29

founder effect

Question 30

what problems can low genetic variation in a population cause?

Answer 30

increased risk of disease and low fertility

Question 30

what role is genetic drift particularly useful in?

Answer 30

altering the genetic composition in a small population