Chapter 3 (module 6+7+8) Flashcards

1
Q

A particular location on earth with interacting biotic and abiotic components.

A

ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

everything thats living

A

biotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

non living

A

Abiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The region of our planet where life resides; the combination of all ecosystems on earth.

A

Biosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

An organism that uses the energy of the sun to produce usable forms of energy.
- also call Autotroph
-only ones that can create their own food

A

Producer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The process by which producers use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose

A

photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The process by which cells unlock the energy of chemical compounds.

A

Cellular respiration (breathing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
(the use of o2)

A

Aerobic respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the process by which cells convert glucose into energy in the absence of oxygen.
(not using o2)

A

Anaerobic respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Organism that is incapable of photosynthesis and must obtain it’s energy by consuming other organisms.
- also known as heterotroph

A

Consumer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A consumer that eats producers.
- also known as primary consumer

A

Herbivore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A consumer that eats other consumers

A

Carnivore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

carnivore that eats primary consumers

A

Secondary consumer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A carnivore that eats secondary consumers.

A

Tertiary consumer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The successive levels of organisms consuming one another.
(who eats who)

A

Trophic levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the sequence of consumption from producers through tertiary consumer.

A

food chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A complex model of how energy and matter move between trophic levels

A

Food web

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

An event, caused by physical, chemical(nuclear bomb/plantations), or biological agents(pandemic,diseases), resulting in changes in population or composition.

A

Disturbance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A measure of how much a disturbance can affect flows of energy and matter in an ecosystem.

A

resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The rate at which an ecosystem returns to its original state after a disturbance.

A

resilience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The study and implementation of restoring damaged ecosystems.

A

Restoration ecology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

All land in a given landscape that drains into a particular stream, river, lake, or wetland.

A

Watershed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The hypothesis that ecosystems experiencing intermediate levels of disturbance are more diverse than those with high or low disturbance levels.

A

Intermediate disturbance hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

An organism that consumes dead animals

A

Scavenger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
An organism that specializes in breaking down dead tissues and waste products into smaller particles.
Detritivore
24
Fungi and bacteria that convert organic matter into small elements and molecules that can be recycled back into the ecosystem.
decomposers
25
The total amount of solar energy that producers in an ecosystem capture via photosynthesis over a given amount of time. (1% of solar energy)
gross primary productivity (GPP)
26
The energy captured by producers in an ecosystem minus the energy producers respire. (What’s left for the rest of the food web)
net primary productivity (NPP)
27
What percentage of solar energy do producers capture via photosynthesis
1 percent
28
What percentage of GPP is used for respiration?
60 percent
29
The total mass of all living matter in a specific area.
biomass
30
The amount of biomass present in an ecosystem at a particular time.
standing crop
31
The proportion of consumed energy that can be passed from one trophic level to another.
ecological efficiency
32
A representation of of the distribution of biomass numbers, or energy among trophic levels.
Trophic pyramid
33
The movements of matter within and between ecosystems.
Biogeochemical cycle
34
The movement of water through the biosphere.
Hydrologic cycle
35
The release of water from leaves during photosynthesis. (plants “sweating”)
Transpiration
36
The combined amount of evaporation and transpiration.
Evapotranspiration
37
Water that moves across the land surface and into streams and rivers.
runoff
38
The movement of carbon around the biosphere(oil, gas, diamond…)
Carbon cycle
39
One of six key elements that organisms need in relatively large amounts
Macronutrient
40
What are the 6 macronutrient?
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur.
41
A nutrient required for the growth of an organism but available in a lower quantity than other nutrients.
Limiting nutrient
42
The movement of nitrogen around the biosphere.
Nitrogen cycle
43
A process by which some organisms can convert nitrogen gas molecules directly into ammonia.
Nitrogen fixation
44
The amount of biomass present in an ecosystem at a particular time.
standing crop
45
The proportion of consumed energy that can be passed from one trophic level to another.
ecological efficiency
46
A representation of the distribution of biomass numbers, or energy among trophic levels.
trophic pyramid
47
The movements of matter within and between ecosystems.
Biogeochemical cycle
48
The movement of water through the biosphere.
Hydrologic cycle
49
The release of water from leaves during photosynthesis. (plants “sweating”)
Transpiration
50
The combined amount of evaporation and transpiration.
Evapotranspiration
51
Water that moves across the land surface and into streams and rivers.
Runoff
52
The movement of carbon around the biosphere(oil, gas, diamond…)
Carbon cycle
53
One of six key elements that organisms need in relatively large amounts
Macronutrient
54
What are the 6 elements that are macronutrients?
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur.
55
A nutrient required for the growth of an organism but available in a lower quantity than other nutrients.
limiting nutrient
56
The movement of nitrogen around the biosphere.
Nitrogen cycle
57
A process by which some organisms can convert nitrogen gas molecules directly into ammonia.
Nitrogen fixation
58
The conversion of ammonia (NH4+) into nitrite (NO2– ) and then into nitrate (NO3– ).
Nitrification
59
The process by which producers incorporate elements into their tissues.
Assimilation
60
The process by which fungal and bacterial decomposers break down the organic matter found in dead bodies and waste products and convert it into inorganic compounds.
Mineralization
61
The process by which fungal and bacterial decomposers break down the organic nitrogen found in dead bodies and waste products and convert it into inorganic ammonium
Ammonification
62
The conversion of nitrate in a series of steps into the gases nitrous oxide and, eventually, nitrogen gas , which is emitted into the atmosphere.
Denitrification
63
The transportation of dissolved molecules through the soil via groundwater.
leaching
64
The movement of phosphorus around the biosphere. phosphorus is important to humans because we use it in fertilizer
Phosphorus cycle
65
A rapid increase in the algal population of a waterway (often from too much phosphorus in waterways).
algal bloom
66
low level of oxygen “suffocating"
Hypoxic
67
the movement of sulfur around the biosphere -found in sediments and factory -found in the fumes of volcanoes
Sulfur cycle