Unit 3- Lower Limb Bones Flashcards
Name the bones and subregion they belong to in the lower extremity
Region: Gluteus/ Pelvic
-hip bone (consisting of 3 fused bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis)
Region: Thigh (femoral)
-femur
Region: Knee (patellar
-patella
Region: Leg (crural)
-fibia
-tibia
Region: Foot
-tarsals (7)
-metatarsals (5)
-phalanges (14)
Describe how a hip bone is positioned anatomically using common directional terms
From the anterior view, you can see the sacrum attached to the hip bone, the acetabulum on each side, and the obturator foramen
What is the acetabulum?
“little vinegar cup”
-receives the head of the femur
-“socket” of the ball and socket hip joint
-anatomically laterally
What is the obturator foramen?
foramen that is typically “blocked closed” by cartilage; is not blocked on models
-obturator nerve passes through to get to medial thigh
What is triradiate cartilage?
location where 3 bones fuse at 13-16 years all (located in acetabulum)
How do 2 hip bones and the sacrum articulate to
create a pelvis?
each hip bone is fused to a side of the ala/ auricular part of the sacrum with the acetabulum facing laterally
Which hip bone is each of these located to:
-Lesser Sciatic Notch
-Greater Sciatic Notch
-Iliac Crest
-Gluteal Surface
-Pubic Tubercle
-Ischial Spine
-Iliac Fossa
-Ischial Tuberosity
-Lesser Sciatic Notch = ischium
-Greater Sciatic Notch = ilium
-Iliac Crest =ilium
-Gluteal Surface = ilium
-Pubic Tubercle = pubis
-Ischial Spine = ischium
-Iliac Fossa = ilium
-Ischial Tuberosity = ischium
What part of the hip bone is the:
-pubis
-ilium
-ischium
pubis = lower part of bone that contains the obturator foramen; anteriormost part of the hip bone
What is the pubic tubercle?
on pubis; landmark for the medial attachment of the Inguinal Ligament
What is the pubis?
“groin”
anteriormost part of the hip; consists of a body and two rami
helpful hint: always faces forward
What is the superior pubic ramus?
on pubis; above the obturator foramen and extends laterally from the upper end of the pubis body to the acetabulum
What is the inferior pubic ramus?
on pubis; a flat, bony bar that’s part of the pelvis and extends from the pubic body downward and laterally
What is the ischium?
inferiormost bone on the hip bone
What is the Ischial Spine?
on ischium; attachment of Sacrospinous ligament and separates from the lesser sciatic notch
What is the ischial tuberosity?
on ischium; attachment of the Sacrospinous ligament and attachment of the Hamstring muscles of posterior thigh
What is the lesser sciatic notch?
on ischium; below the ischial spine
What is the ischiopubic ramus?
a fused bony structure resulting from the joining of the inferior ramus of the pubis with the ischial ramus
What is the ilium?
Superiormost bone of the hip
What is the Great Sciatic Notch?
on ilium; above the spine; passageway for Sciatic nerve
What is the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)?
on ilium; anterior extent of Iliac Crest; landmark
Lateral attachment of Inguinal Ligament
Proximal Attachment: Sartorius muscle
What is the Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)?
on ilium
Proximal Attachment: Rectus Femoris muscle
What is the Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS)?
on ilium; posterior extent of Iliac Crest; landmark
Dimples in lower back
Vertebral Level S2
What is the Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine (PIIS)?
on ilium
superior attachment for the long Sacrotuberous ligament
What is the Iliac Crest?
on ilium; Landmark
Vertebral Level L4
What is the Iliac Fossa?
on ilium; visible on medial surface; forms bowl shape nature of hip bone as a whole
What is the Gluteal Surface?
on ilium; visible on lateral surface; where gluteal muscles attach
What is the Greater Sciatic foramen?
Greater Sciatic Notch + Sacrospinous Ligament = Greater Sciatic Foramen
What is the Lesser Sciatic foramen?
Lesser Sciatic Notch + Sacrotuberous Ligament = Lesser Sciatic Foramen
What is the Sacrospinous Ligament?
attaches from sacrum to ischial spine
What is the Sacrotuberous Ligament?
attaches from sacrum to ischial tuberosity
What is the Inguinal Ligament?
ASIS to pubic tubercle
Great Landmark for Femoral vessels & nerve
How do you decipher the lateral vs medial views of the hip?
lateral view shows the acetabulum; medial view has pubis pointing middle
What features of the hip bone does the inguinal
ligament attach to?
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine + Pubic Tubercle
Describe the features of the pelvis that can be
used by a forensic scientist to determine the
biological sex of a victim
How are the superior pubic ramus and ischiopubic ramus positioned in relation to the obturator foramen?
superior pubic ramus = above the obturator foramen
ischiopubic ramus = below the obturator foramen
What is the pubic arch?
a bony structure in the pelvis that’s formed by the inferior rami of the ischium and pubis bones converging below the pubic symphysis
What is the pubic symphysis?
a joint that connects the left and right pelvic bones, forming a line down the pelvis
What is the pelvic inlet?
the space between the upper part of the bones
What is the pelvic outlet?
the space between the lower part of the bones
How do you differentiate the anterior and posterior side of femur?
Posterior side contains the Intertrochanteric Crest + Intercondylar Crest
How do you differentiate the medial and lateral
side of femur?
The medial side contains the head of the femur
Determine whether each feature is proximal or distal on the femur:
-Head
-Medial & Lateral Condyles
-Greater Trochanter
-Lesser Trochanter
-Intercondylar Fossa
-Neck
-Intertrochanteric Crest
-Medial & Lateral Epicondyles
-Head = proximal
-Medial & Lateral Condyles = distal
-Greater Trochanter = proximal
-Lesser Trochanter = proximal
-Intercondylar Fossa = distal
-Neck = proximal
-Intertrochanteric Crest = proximal
-Medial & Lateral Epicondyles = distal
How does the femur articulate with the hip
bone? What motions are capable at this joint?
the head of the femur articulates with acetabulum
ball and socket joint; allows flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, medial and lateral rotations, and circumduction
How does the femur articulate with the tibia?
What motions are capable at this joint?
The medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulate with condyles of tibia
modified hinge synovial joint; allows flexion and extension and rotation
What is a femur?
What is the head of the femur?
on proximal femur; articulates with acetabulum
What is the fovea capitis?
on proximal femur; pit of the head; minor blood vessels enter and small ligament attaches
Fovea = pit + Capitis = head
Fovea Capitis = pit of head
What is a neck of a femur?
on proximal femur; the branch that the head of the femur is attached to
What is the Greater Trochanter?
on proximal femur; Larger, more lateral, & proximal than Lesser; Distal attachment: multiple gluteal muscles
What is the Lesser Trochanter?
on proximal femur; Posteromedially located; Distal attachment: Iliopsoas muscle
What is the Intertrochanteric Crest?
on proximal femur; between trochanters
Inter = “between”
What is the Linea Aspera?
on proximal femur; common attachment of multiple anterior & medial thigh muscles; roughened line
Aspera = Roughened
What is the medial condyle of femur?
on distal femur; articulate with condyles of tibia; medial condyle is on same side as the head of the femur
condyle = knuckle
What is the medial epicondyle?
on distal femur; above/ upom the medial condyle; attachments for collateral ligaments
Epi = upon
What is the Adductor Tubercle?
What is the Lateral condyle of femur?
on distal femur; articulate with condyles of tibia; lateral condyle is on same side as the greater trochanter of the femur
condyle = knuckle
What is the Lateral epicondyle?
on distal femur; above/ upom the medial condyle; attachments for collateral ligaments
Epi = upon
What is the Intercondylar fossa?
on distal femur; ACL & PCL attach to the walls of this fossa; inbetween condyles
Inter = between
