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Human Anatomy > Unit 3- Lower Limb Bones > Flashcards

Unit 3- Lower Limb Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Name the bones and subregion they belong to in the lower extremity

A

Region: Gluteus/ Pelvic
-hip bone (consisting of 3 fused bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis)

Region: Thigh (femoral)
-femur

Region: Knee (patellar
-patella

Region: Leg (crural)
-fibia
-tibia

Region: Foot
-tarsals (7)
-metatarsals (5)
-phalanges (14)

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2
Q

Describe how a hip bone is positioned anatomically using common directional terms

A

From the anterior view, you can see the sacrum attached to the hip bone, the acetabulum on each side, and the obturator foramen

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3
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

“little vinegar cup”

-receives the head of the femur
-“socket” of the ball and socket hip joint
-anatomically laterally

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4
Q

What is the obturator foramen?

A

foramen that is typically “blocked closed” by cartilage; is not blocked on models

-obturator nerve passes through to get to medial thigh

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5
Q

What is triradiate cartilage?

A

location where 3 bones fuse at 13-16 years all (located in acetabulum)

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6
Q

How do 2 hip bones and the sacrum articulate to
create a pelvis?

A

each hip bone is fused to a side of the ala/ auricular part of the sacrum with the acetabulum facing laterally

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7
Q

Which hip bone is each of these located to:
-Lesser Sciatic Notch
-Greater Sciatic Notch
-Iliac Crest
-Gluteal Surface
-Pubic Tubercle
-Ischial Spine
-Iliac Fossa
-Ischial Tuberosity

A

-Lesser Sciatic Notch = ischium
-Greater Sciatic Notch = ilium
-Iliac Crest =ilium
-Gluteal Surface = ilium
-Pubic Tubercle = pubis
-Ischial Spine = ischium
-Iliac Fossa = ilium
-Ischial Tuberosity = ischium

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8
Q

What part of the hip bone is the:
-pubis
-ilium
-ischium

A

pubis = lower part of bone that contains the obturator foramen; anteriormost part of the hip bone

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9
Q

What is the pubic tubercle?

A

on pubis; landmark for the medial attachment of the Inguinal Ligament

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10
Q

What is the pubis?

A

“groin”

anteriormost part of the hip; consists of a body and two rami

helpful hint: always faces forward

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11
Q

What is the superior pubic ramus?

A

on pubis; above the obturator foramen and extends laterally from the upper end of the pubis body to the acetabulum

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12
Q

What is the inferior pubic ramus?

A

on pubis; a flat, bony bar that’s part of the pelvis and extends from the pubic body downward and laterally

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13
Q

What is the ischium?

A

inferiormost bone on the hip bone

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14
Q

What is the Ischial Spine?

A

on ischium; attachment of Sacrospinous ligament and separates from the lesser sciatic notch

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15
Q

What is the ischial tuberosity?

A

on ischium; attachment of the Sacrospinous ligament and attachment of the Hamstring muscles of posterior thigh

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16
Q

What is the lesser sciatic notch?

A

on ischium; below the ischial spine

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17
Q

What is the ischiopubic ramus?

A

a fused bony structure resulting from the joining of the inferior ramus of the pubis with the ischial ramus

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18
Q

What is the ilium?

A

Superiormost bone of the hip

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19
Q

What is the Great Sciatic Notch?

A

on ilium; above the spine; passageway for Sciatic nerve

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20
Q

What is the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)?

A

on ilium; anterior extent of Iliac Crest; landmark

Lateral attachment of Inguinal Ligament

Proximal Attachment: Sartorius muscle

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21
Q

What is the Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)?

A

on ilium

Proximal Attachment: Rectus Femoris muscle

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22
Q

What is the Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS)?

A

on ilium; posterior extent of Iliac Crest; landmark

Dimples in lower back

Vertebral Level S2

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23
Q

What is the Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine (PIIS)?

A

on ilium

superior attachment for the long Sacrotuberous ligament

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24
Q

What is the Iliac Crest?

A

on ilium; Landmark

Vertebral Level L4

25
Q

What is the Iliac Fossa?

A

on ilium; visible on medial surface; forms bowl shape nature of hip bone as a whole

26
Q

What is the Gluteal Surface?

A

on ilium; visible on lateral surface; where gluteal muscles attach

27
Q

What is the Greater Sciatic foramen?

A

Greater Sciatic Notch + Sacrospinous Ligament = Greater Sciatic Foramen

28
Q

What is the Lesser Sciatic foramen?

A

Lesser Sciatic Notch + Sacrotuberous Ligament = Lesser Sciatic Foramen

29
Q

What is the Sacrospinous Ligament?

A

attaches from sacrum to ischial spine

30
Q

What is the Sacrotuberous Ligament?

A

attaches from sacrum to ischial tuberosity

31
Q

What is the Inguinal Ligament?

A

ASIS to pubic tubercle

Great Landmark for Femoral vessels & nerve

32
Q

How do you decipher the lateral vs medial views of the hip?

A

lateral view shows the acetabulum; medial view has pubis pointing middle

33
Q

What features of the hip bone does the inguinal
ligament attach to?

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine + Pubic Tubercle

34
Q

Describe the features of the pelvis that can be
used by a forensic scientist to determine the
biological sex of a victim

A
35
Q

How are the superior pubic ramus and ischiopubic ramus positioned in relation to the obturator foramen?

A

superior pubic ramus = above the obturator foramen

ischiopubic ramus = below the obturator foramen

36
Q

What is the pubic arch?

A

a bony structure in the pelvis that’s formed by the inferior rami of the ischium and pubis bones converging below the pubic symphysis

37
Q

What is the pubic symphysis?

A

a joint that connects the left and right pelvic bones, forming a line down the pelvis

38
Q

What is the pelvic inlet?

A

the space between the upper part of the bones

39
Q

What is the pelvic outlet?

A

the space between the lower part of the bones

40
Q

How do you differentiate the anterior and posterior side of femur?

A

Posterior side contains the Intertrochanteric Crest + Intercondylar Crest

41
Q

How do you differentiate the medial and lateral
side of femur?

A

The medial side contains the head of the femur

42
Q

Determine whether each feature is proximal or distal on the femur:

-Head
-Medial & Lateral Condyles
-Greater Trochanter
-Lesser Trochanter
-Intercondylar Fossa
-Neck
-Intertrochanteric Crest
-Medial & Lateral Epicondyles

A

-Head = proximal
-Medial & Lateral Condyles = distal
-Greater Trochanter = proximal
-Lesser Trochanter = proximal
-Intercondylar Fossa = distal
-Neck = proximal
-Intertrochanteric Crest = proximal
-Medial & Lateral Epicondyles = distal

43
Q

How does the femur articulate with the hip
bone? What motions are capable at this joint?

A

the head of the femur articulates with acetabulum

ball and socket joint; allows flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, medial and lateral rotations, and circumduction

44
Q

How does the femur articulate with the tibia?
What motions are capable at this joint?

A

The medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulate with condyles of tibia

modified hinge synovial joint; allows flexion and extension and rotation

45
Q

What is a femur?

A
46
Q

What is the head of the femur?

A

on proximal femur; articulates with acetabulum

47
Q

What is the fovea capitis?

A

on proximal femur; pit of the head; minor blood vessels enter and small ligament attaches

Fovea = pit + Capitis = head
Fovea Capitis = pit of head

48
Q

What is a neck of a femur?

A

on proximal femur; the branch that the head of the femur is attached to

49
Q

What is the Greater Trochanter?

A

on proximal femur; Larger, more lateral, & proximal than Lesser; Distal attachment: multiple gluteal muscles

50
Q

What is the Lesser Trochanter?

A

on proximal femur; Posteromedially located; Distal attachment: Iliopsoas muscle

51
Q

What is the Intertrochanteric Crest?

A

on proximal femur; between trochanters

Inter = “between”

52
Q

What is the Linea Aspera?

A

on proximal femur; common attachment of multiple anterior & medial thigh muscles; roughened line

Aspera = Roughened

53
Q

What is the medial condyle of femur?

A

on distal femur; articulate with condyles of tibia; medial condyle is on same side as the head of the femur

condyle = knuckle

54
Q

What is the medial epicondyle?

A

on distal femur; above/ upom the medial condyle; attachments for collateral ligaments

Epi = upon

55
Q

What is the Adductor Tubercle?

A
56
Q

What is the Lateral condyle of femur?

A

on distal femur; articulate with condyles of tibia; lateral condyle is on same side as the greater trochanter of the femur

condyle = knuckle

57
Q

What is the Lateral epicondyle?

A

on distal femur; above/ upom the medial condyle; attachments for collateral ligaments

Epi = upon

58
Q

What is the Intercondylar fossa?

A

on distal femur; ACL & PCL attach to the walls of this fossa; inbetween condyles

Inter = between

Human Anatomy (9 decks)

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