Unit 1- Anatomical Terminology Flashcards
Define anatomy
the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another
Name and define the two major types of anatomic study
- Microscopic Anatomy- examines the body structures that cannot be observed by the unaided eye
- Gross Anatomy- “macroscopic anatomy” that examines the structures and relationships of large body parts visible to the naked eye
Name and define the subdivisions of microscopic anatomy
-cytology: study of single body cells and their internal structures
-histology: study of tissues examining how groups of specialized cells and their products function for a common purpose
Name and define the subdivisions of gross anatomy
-developmental: examines changes in structure within an individual from conception to maturity
-embryology: examines developmental changes occurring prior to birth
-surface anatomy: examines both superficial anatomical body markings and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering them
-systemic anatomy: investigates the gross anatomy of each organ system in the body
-regional anatomy: examines the relationships of all structures in a particular region of the body as one complete unit
Cephalic
head
Frontal
forehead
Orbital
eyes
Buccal
cheek
Nasal
nose
Oral
mouth
Mental
chin
Cervical
neck
Sternal
sternum
Pectoral
chest
What makes up the thoracic cage?
sternal + pectoral
Axillary
armpit
Brachial
arm
Antecubital
front of elbow
Antebrachial
forearm
Carpal
wrist
Palmar
palm
Digital
fingers and toes
Abdominal
abdomen
Pelvic
between the lumbar region of the abdomen superiorly and thighs inferiorly
Inguinal
groin
Pubic
genital
Femoral
thigh
Patellar
kneecap
Crural
leg
Tarsal
ankle
Dorsum
top of foot or back of hand
Occipital
back of head
Auricular
ear
Deltoid
shoulder
Vertebral
spinal column
Olecranal
elbow
Lumbar
lower back
Sacral
tailbone
Coxal
hip
Gluteal
buttock
Perineal
between genitals and anus
Popliteal
back of the knee
Sural
calf
Calcaneal
heel
Plantar
sole of foot
Anterior
front view
Posterior
back view
Superior
upper half of body
Inferior
lower half of body
Describe anatomical position (hint: 6 specific things)
-body erect
-face/ eyes forward
-upper limbs at side
-palms forward
-lower limbs parallel
-feet/ toes forward
Why is anatomical position important?
to have a reference point
Prone
position of the body lying face down
Supine
position of the body lying face up
What are the two cadaver positions?
prone and supine
Compare and contrast prone and supine positions
compare- cadaver positions, lying down
contrast- prone is face done, supine is face up
List the anatomical planes of section
- sagittal
-median/ midsagittal
-frontal/ coronal
-transverse/ horizontal
Define sagittal plane
any vertical plane cutting the body into left and right
Define median/ midsagittal plane
a vertical plane that passes through the midline of the body dividing it into equal left and right halves
Define frontal/ coronal plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
Define transverse/ horizontal plane
divides the body into superior and inferior positions
Define bilateral
refers to both right and left sides
Define unilateral
Occurring only on one side of the body
Compare and contrast bilateral and unilateral
compare- refers to how many sides of the body it occurs on
contrast- bilateral refers to occurring on both sides of the midline but unilateral refers to occurring on one side of the midline
Define Ipsilateral
same side of the body (same side comparison)
Define Contralateral
opposite sides of body (opposite side comparison)
Compare and contrast ipsilateral and contralateral
compare- refers to which sides of the body it occurs on
contrast- ipsilateral occurs on the same side of body while contralateral occurs on opposite sides of the body
