Unit 1- Four Tissues Flashcards
Define tissue
collection of similar cells and substance/ material between them that serves a specific function
List the 4 types of tissues
- Epithelium
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nerve/ Nervous
Define apical surface
layer of cells that face the outside compartment of the organism
Define basal surface
layer of cells that face the serosa and inside compartment of the organism
How do you classify epithelial tissues based on layers?
one layer- simple
more than one layer- stratified
How do you classify epithelial tissues based on the shape of the cells?
squamous- nucleus is flat and squarely
cuboidal- nucleus is a cube
columnar- nucleus is a longer column
How can you distinguish the difference between keratinized and non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelia?
keratinized- cells that were ultimately consumed by keratin (cells not on surface)
non-keratinized- cells that have nuclei superficially (cells on surface)
What is the common origin from which all connective tissues form?
Mesenchyme
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Simple Squamous Epithelial
-one layer
- flat cells
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Simple Cubodial Epithelial
- one layer
- cubed cells
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Simple Columnar Epithelial
-one layer
-columnar cells
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Stratified Squamous Epithelial (keratinized)
-multiple layers
-flat cells
-keratinized cells (without nucleus) at top
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Stratified Squamous Epithelial (non-keratinized)
-multiple layers
-flat cells
-no keratinized tissue at top
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial
-appearance of stratified (multiple cell layers) but is not actually
-column shaped
-has cilia at top
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Transitional Epithelial
-globular cells (exception to the rules)
Where is the only place you will find transitional epithelial tissue?
the bladder
What are the three types of connective tissue?
- connective tissue proper
- supporting connective tissue
- fluid connective tissue
What are the two types of connective tissue proper?
Name their 3 subtypes as well
- loose connective tissue- fewer fibers,
more ground
substance
-areolar
-adipose
-reticular - dense connective tissue- more fibers,
less ground
substance
-regular
-irregular
-elastic
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Adipose ( loose connective tissue)
-lots of ground substance
-nucleus pushed to edges of the cells
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Areolar (loose connective tissue)
-lots of ground substance
-looks like stringy/ webby material (spider webs with eggs?)
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Reticular (loose connective tissue)
-lots of ground substance
-dark fibers
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Irregular (dense connective tissue)
-limited ground substance
-sporadic
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Regular (dense connective tissue)
-limited ground substance
-consistent layers
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Elastic (dense connective tissue)
-limited ground substance
-springy fibers (like ramen or curly hair)
What are the two types of supporting connective tissues?
Name their 2 or 3 subtypes as well
cartilage- semi-solid matrix
-hyaline
-fibrocartilage
-elastic
bone- solid matric
-spongy
-compact
What are the differences between cartilage connective tissue and bone connective tissue?
the matrix
cartilage- semisolid matrix
bone- solid matrix
What characteristics should you look for when viewing cartilage?
lacuna- a home for the cells it contains
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Elastic Cartilage (supporting connective tissue)
-protein fibers are visible
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Hyaline Cartilage (supporting connective tissue)
-glossy and smooth (can’t physically see fibers)
-cells are typically in pairs
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Fibrocartilage (supporting connective tissue)
-arranges fibers regularly so you can be strongest
-cells are squeezed in a row
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Compact bone (supporting connective tissue)
-outer part of bone
-looks like a treetrunk
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Spongy bone (supporting connective tissue)
-inner part of bone
-trabeculae
-looks like a sponge
Name the two parts of a compact bone and point them out
Central Canal
Osteon
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Blood (fluid connective tissue)
-blood cells
Identify the three parts of blood and point them out
Erythrocyte (red blood cells)
Leukocyte (white blood cells)
Thrombocyte (platelets)
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
- skeletal
- smooth
- cardiac
Which muscle tissue types are striated?
Cardiac + Skeletal
Which muscle tissue types are involuntary?
Cardiac and Smooth
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Skeletal Muscle
-strong bonding
-nucleus on outer edges (like droplets)
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Smooth Muscle
-spindle shaped cell (pointed ends and stretchef)
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Cardiac Muscle
-intercalated discs visible
Identify this tissue and explain why:
Nervous
-has dendrites and axon
Name the 6 parts of nervous tissue and point them out
Axon- carries information away from cell
Dendrites- carried information to cell
Axon hillock- head of axon
Cell body- central part of neuron
Neuron- entire
Neurological cells- supporting cells around neuron
