Unit 2- Axial Muscles

Question 1

What is the name of cranial nerve VII and What group of muscles does it innervate?

Answer 1

Facial Nerve

innervates Muscles of Facial Expression

Question 2

List the muscles of facial
expression (hint: there are 7)

Answer 2

Occipitofrontalis (frontal belly)
Occipitofrontalis (occipital belly)
Orbicularis Oculi
Buccinator
Zygomaticus
Orbicularis Oris
Platysma

Question 3

What is unique about the
insertion (distal attachments) for all muscles of facial expression?

Question 4

What is the name of cranial nerve V What group of muscles does it innervate?

Answer 4

Mandibular Division of Trigeminal Nerve

Muscles of Mastication

Question 5

What is the name of the third division of cranial nerve V?

Question 6

List the muscles of mastication (hint: there are 4)

Answer 6

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid

Question 7

What is insertion referring to?

Answer 7

Distal attachment

Question 8

What is origin referring to?

Answer 8

Proximal attachment

Question 9

Name the insertion and action of the Occipitofrontalis (Frontal Belly)

Question 10

Name the insertion and action of the Occipitofrontalis (Occipital Belly)

Question 11

Name the insertion and action of the Orbicularis Oculi

Question 12

Name the insertion and action of the Orbicularis Oris

Question 13

Name the insertion and action of the Zygomaticus

Question 14

Name the insertion and action of the Buccinator

Question 15

Name the insertion and action of the Platysma

Question 16

Which muscles elevate the mandible? Which muscle acts to depress the mandible?

Answer 16

Medial Pterygoid- elevates

Lateral Pterygoid- depression

Question 17

List the muscles that allow us to grind our teeth (hint: there are 2)

Answer 17

Medial Pterygoid and Lateral Pterygoid

Question 18

Name and define the key
anatomical landmarks in the neck.

Answer 18

Hyoid bone- Keeps airway open superiorly
Thyroid Cartilage- Protect Larynx (voicebox)
Cricoid Cartilage- Provide site of muscle attachment critical in vocalization and swallowing

Question 19

Identify the origin and insertion of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Answer 19

Origin- sternum + clavicle
Insertion- Mastoid process (of temporal bone)

Question 20

Identify the actions of the SCM (bilateral and unilateral)

Answer 20

bilateral- flexes neck

unilateral- lateral flexion, rotation of head to opposite side

Question 21

Which cranial nerve innervates the SCM?

Answer 21

CN XI or Accessory Nerve

Question 22

Name the suprahyoid muscles (hint: there are two)

Answer 22

1. Digastric
2. Mylohyoid

Question 23

The suprahyoid muscles
________ the hyoid.

Answer 23

elevates

Question 24

Name the origin and insertion of the Sternothyroid

Answer 24

Origin- sternum
Insertion- thyroid cartilage

Question 25

Name the origin and insertion of the Thyrohyoid

Answer 25

Origin- thyroid cartilage
Insertion- hyoid bone

Question 26

Name the origin and insertion of the Sternohyoid

Answer 26

Origin- sternum
Insertion- hyoid bone

Question 27

Name the origin and insertion of the Omohyoid

Answer 27

Origin- scapula
Insertion- hyoid bone

Question 28

The infrahyoid muscles ________ the hyoid.

Answer 28

depress

Question 29

Which rami, or branches of the spinal nerves, innervate the
intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 29

Posterior rami

Question 30

Identify the insertions (distal attachments) of each superficial intrinsic back muscle (Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis)

Answer 30

splenius capitis-
origin is spinous process of C7 to T4
insertion is mastoid process

splenius cervicis-
origin is spinous process of C7 to T4
insertion is Transverse Process of C1-C3 or 4

Question 31

What are the unilateral and bilateral actions of the superficial intrinsic back muscles?

Question 32

Name the three groups of muscle fibers that make up the erector spinae

Question 33

What are the unilateral and bilateral actions of the erector spinae (the intermediate intrinsic back muscle)?