Unit 1- Skeletal System

Question 1

List the functions of bone (hint: there are 5)

Answer 1

1. Rigid support
2. Site of muscle attachment
3. Protection for internal organs
4. Storage for calcium
5. Continuous blood cell supply

Question 2

List the functions of cartilage (hint: there are 3)

Answer 2

1. Semi-rigid support (flexibility)
2. Decrease friction
3. Allow for growth

Question 3

Describe how the two types of bone tissue (compact & spongy) contribute to the composition of any given bone

Answer 3

Superficial: Compact bone
Deep: Spongy bone

Question 4

Name and describe the
structural unit of compact
bone (Include lamella,
lacuna, central canal, and
osteocyte)

Answer 4

Central Canal for vessels/nerves
Lacuna: Location of osteocytes
Lamella: Layers of new bone deposit (“Growth rings”)
Osteocyte: bone cell

Question 5

Describe the structure of
spongy bone (include
trabeculae and marrow
cavities)

Answer 5

Trabeculae: Fine, irregular plates
Marrow cavities: spaces between

Question 6

Compare and contrast the
structure of compact bone & spongy bone

Answer 6

Contrast: osteons (none in spongy bone, present in compact bone)
Compare: parts of bone

Question 7

Describe periosteum and
endosteum. Where are each located?

Answer 7

Periosteum: CT covering of bone
Endosteum: Lines spicules & inner surfaces of bone

Question 8

How does a bone get most of its blood supply?

Answer 8

• Endosteal blood vessels
• Derived from Nutrient a

Question 9

Describe the key difference between intramembranous and endochondral bone
development

Answer 9

Intramembranous:
Mesenchymal Cells > bone

Endochondral:
Mesenchymal Cells > cartilage model > bone

Question 10

Define Diaphysis

Answer 10

Middle of tubular bones, where primary ossification center exists in growing bones

Question 11

Define Epiphysis

Answer 11

Ends of tubular bones, where secondary ossification center exists in growing bones

Question 12

Define Epiphyseal Plate (Growth Plate)

Answer 12

Cartilage-to-bone transition

Question 13

Define Epiphyseal Line

Answer 13

Point of fusion of diaphysis & epiphysis

Question 14

Describe how bones are
classified based on shape and provide an example of each

Answer 14

Long bones (ex: femur)
Short bones (ex: carpals)
Flat bones (ex: cranium)
Irregular bones (ex: face)
Sesamoid bones (ex: patella)

Question 15

Describe a sesamoid bone

Answer 15

like a sesame seed

Question 16

Define articulation

Answer 16

Joint (Where two bones meet)

Question 17

Describe the inverse
relationship between
mobility and stability

Answer 17

high mobility = low stability and vice versa

Question 18

Name the 3 types of joints

Answer 18

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 19

Describe a fibrous joint and explain the 3 types of
fibrous joints

Answer 19

• United by fibrous tissue
  Gomphosis: between jaw and tooth
  Suture: attached growth plated
  Syndesmosis: connects the radius and ulna and fills the space between

Question 20

Describe a cartilaginous
joint and explain the 2 types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 20

• United by hyaline cartilage and/or fibrocartilage

Primary (Synchondrosis): Cartilage of growing bone and will be replaced by bone

Secondary (Symphysis):
Cartilage persists and fibrocartilage

Question 21

Describe the general characteristics of synovial joints

Answer 21

Articular capsule
Articular cartilage
Ligaments

Question 22

List the types of synovial
joints

Answer 22

Pivot Joints (rotation)
Hinge Joints (flexion/extension)
Saddle Joints (biaxial)
Condyloid Joints (biaxial)
Plane Joints (planar/ sliding)
Ball & Socket (multiaxial)

Question 23

How are synovial joints classified?

Answer 23

Shape or type of movement

Question 24

What is the only synovial
joint type that allows
movement in all directions?

Answer 24

Ball and socket joint

Question 25

What is the type of synovial joint that only allows flexion & extension?

Answer 25

Hinge joint

Question 26

List the components of the axial skeleton

Answer 26

• Cranium
• Vertebral Column
• Ribs & Sternum

Question 27

List the components of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 27

• Bones of Limbs
• Bones of Pectoral & Pelvic Girdles

Question 28

Name the components,
articulations, & functions
of the pectoral girdle

Answer 28

Components: Scapula & Clavicle
Articulations: w/ Axial skeleton @ Sternum
Functions: Free range of motion

Question 29

What is a facet?

Answer 29

Small, flat “face”

Question 30

What is a alveolus?

Answer 30

Socket

Question 31

What is a ramus?

Answer 31

Angled extension of bone (relative to rest of bone)

Question 32

What is a canal?

Answer 32

Passageway through bone(s)

Question 33

What is a fissure?

Answer 33

Narrow slit-like opening in bone (crevice)

Question 34

What is a foramen?

Answer 34

Rounded opening

Question 35

What is a sinus?

Answer 35

Cavity or hallowed bone

Question 36

What is a condyle?

Answer 36

Rounded, smooth, articulating surface

Question 37

What is a head?

Answer 37

Prominent, epiphysis

Question 38

What is a fossa?

Answer 38

Flattened or shallow ditch

Question 39

What is a sulcus?

Answer 39

Narrow groove

Question 40

What is a malleolus?

Answer 40

Bounds sides of ankle joint

Question 41

What is a epicondyle?

Answer 41

Adjacent to/upon condyle

Question 42

What is a tubercle?

Answer 42

Small, round

Question 43

What is a trochanter?

Answer 43

Massive, blunt

Question 44

What is a tuberosity?

Answer 44

Roughened, irregular

Question 45

What is a crest?

Answer 45

Narrow, ridge-like

Question 46

What is a line?

Answer 46

Low ridge