Unit 1- Integumentary System

Question 1

What are the functions of the integumentary system? (hint: there are 6)

Answer 1

1. protection
2. prevents water loss
3. temperature regulation
4. sensory perception
5. excretory organ (sweat)
6. formation of vitamin D

Question 2

List the regions of the
integument from superficial to deep

Answer 2

1. Epidermis (outermost layer)
2. Dermis
3. Subcutaneous/ hypodermis (deepest layer)

Question 3

Define skin

Answer 3

epidermis and dermis ONLY

Question 4

What type of tissue forms
the epidermis?

Answer 4

stratified squamous epithelial

Question 5

The epidermis is avascular-
Define avascular

Answer 5

lack of blood vessels (obtains nutrients from the dermis)

Question 6

Describe keratinocytes

Answer 6

they grow superficially and eventually die (and lose their nucleus)

they are made up of keratin

Question 7

Describe the location and
function of stratum
corneum

Answer 7

-outermost layer of epidermis
-dead keratinized cells
-on palms of hands and bottom of feet
-prevents unwanted materials from entering and excessive loss of water from exiting the body

Question 8

Describe the location and
function of stratum
basale

Answer 8

-deepest layer of epidermis attached to the dermis
-contains melanocytes (which produce melanin to protect from uv)
-contains stem cells from which all new epidermal cells form

Question 9

How do melanocytes help to protect the skin?

Answer 9

produce melanin- melanin absorbs ultraviolet radiation and protects against DNA damage

Question 10

What layer is the source of new epidermal cells when repairing the integument?

Answer 10

Stratum Basale

Question 11

Compare thick skin and
thin skin

Answer 11

Thick skin = Epidermis has 5 Layers found on palms of hand and soles of feet

Thin skin = Epidermis has 4 Layers (no Stratum Lucidum)

Question 12

Describe the layers of the
dermis

Answer 12

Papillary layer- composed of areolar connective tissues and contains capillaries to nourish epidermis

Reticular layer- composed of dense irregular connective tissue and collagen and elastic fibers give skin strength and elastic recoil

Question 13

What are some functions of the hypodermis /
subcutaneous layer?

Answer 13

-absorbs shock
-insulates
-injection site

Question 14

Describe the four
classifications of burns.
Include the regions/layers
of the integument
damaged by the burn

Answer 14

1st Degree: Superficial Burn
- outer layers of epidermis damaged

2nd Degree: Partial-Thickness Burn
- Epidermis and papillary layer of dermis are damaged

3rd Degree: Full Thickness Burn
- Epidermis and all of dermis are damaged (hypodermis affected)

4th Degree: Full Thickness Burn
- Extends through entire integument into underlying tendons, ligaments, muscle & bone

Question 15

Compare merocrine and
apocrine sweat glands
based on location and type of secretion

Answer 15

Merocrine sweat glands
- Palms, soles of the feet, and forehead
- Water-like sweat

Apocrine sweat glands
- Axillary and genital areas
- Sweat contains fat and protein leading to body odor

Question 16

Where are sebaceous
glands located?

Answer 16

Most commonly found on face, neck, and trunk

Question 17

What do sebaceous glands secrete?

Answer 17

Secrete sebum (oil)

Question 18

Describe the structure of
hair and the hair follicle

Answer 18

Hair Follicle- tube surrounding hair root (part within skin)

Shaft- superficial portion of hair (above epidermis)

Hair Bulb- Deep end is expanded (location of active production of hair)

Hair Papilla- indentation of hair bulb containing blood vessels

Arrector pili- bundle of smooth muscle cells (makes hair “stand on end”)

Question 19

What type of tissue forms
the arrector pili muscle?

Answer 19

smooth muscle cells

Question 20

What stimulates the
arrector pili muscle to
contract?

Answer 20

Triggered by sympathetic nervous system in response to fear

Question 21

Describe the three major
types of sensory receptors found in the skin (Include where each is located)

Answer 21

Meissner’s corpuscle
- Superficial part of dermis
- Touch, tickle

Bare nerve endings
- Pain, heat, and cold

Pacinian corpuscle
- Larger and deeper in dermis/hypodermis
- Pressure

Question 22

What is this?

Answer 22

Stratum Corneum

Question 23

What is this?

Answer 23

Stratum Basale

Question 24

label these parts correctly

Answer 24

Hair Shaft (hair above epidermis)
Hair Bulb (deep end of hair)
Hair Papilla (hair bulb part that contains blood vessels)
Hair Follicle (tube surrounding hair)
Arrector Pili (muscle attached to hair)

Question 25

Identify Meissner’s Corpuscle, Pacinian Corpuscle, Bare Nerve Endings, Sebaceous Gland, Merocrine Sweat Gland, Sweat Gland Duct, and Sweat Pore

Answer 25