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Microbiology & Parasitology > Unit 3 Gram Positive Cocci > Flashcards

Unit 3 Gram Positive Cocci Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Bacteria that cause disease

A

Clinically Significant Bacteria

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2
Q

2 Types of grams positive cocci

A

Staphylococcus
Streptococcus

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3
Q

Staphy greek meaning

A

cluster of grape

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4
Q

Strept meaning

A

twisted

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5
Q

Test that differentiates staphylococcus and streptococcus

A

Catalase test

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6
Q

Forms positive result to catalase test

A

Staphylococcus

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7
Q

Catalase test positive result

A

Production of bubbles (oxygen)

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8
Q

Catalase test reagent

A

Hydrogen Peroxide

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9
Q

Top 3 Staphylococcus

A

S. aureus
S. saprophyticus
S. epidermidis

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10
Q

Test for Staphylococcus aureus

A

Coagulase test

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11
Q

Coagulase test positive result

A

Clotting

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12
Q

Test to differentiate between S. saprophyticus and S. epidermidis

A

Novobiocin

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13
Q

Positive to novobiocin test

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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14
Q

More resistant to drugs Staphylococcus

A

S. saprophyticus

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15
Q

MSCRAMMS

A

Microbial Surface Components Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecule

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16
Q

Staphylococcus media

A

Mannitol salt agar

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17
Q

S. aureus in mannitol

A

Red to yellow due to phenol red due to change acidity

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18
Q

S. epidermitis in mannitol

A

White since original color of the bacteria

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18
Q

Resistance to drugs

A

Virulence factor

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19
Q

Types of virulence factor

A

1) Protein A
2) Coagulase
3) Hemolysin
4) Leukocidins
5) Penicillinase

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20
Q

Penicillinase enzyme ring-like structure

A

B-lactamase

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21
Q

B-lactamase MOA

A

attacks normal flora
degrades B-lactam antibiotic

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22
Q

In the surface of Staphylococcus aureus

A

Protein A

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23
Q

S. aureus iseases caused by Exotoxin release

A

1) Gastroenteritis
2) Toxic Shock Syndrome
3) Scalded Skin Syndrome

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24
Q

S. aureus Diseases by direct organ infection

A

1) Pneumonia
2) Meningitis
3) Osteomyelitis
4) Acute Endocarditis
5) Septic Arthritis
6) Skin Infections

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25
Q

S. aureus skin diseases

A

1) Cellulitis
2) Boils
3) Furuncle
4) Impetigo
5) Carbuncle

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26
Q

Deeper furuncle

A

Carbuncle

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27
Q

1st leading cause of UTI

A

Escherichia coli

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28
Q

Normal flora of the skin and contaminant in urinalysis & blood sampling

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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29
Q

S. epidermidis can cause _________ and _________ like S. aureus

A

Abcess; sepsis

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30
Q

2nd leading cause of UTI

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

31
Q

Types of classification of Cocci

A
  1. Smith & Brown
  2. Lancefield
  3. Academic or Bergey
32
Q

Based on colony morphologic and hemolytic

A

Smith & Brown

33
Q

Serologic specificity of cell wall or antigen

A

Lancefield

34
Q

Physiologic (Temperature, Enzymes, Sensitivity to antibiotics)

A

Academic or Bergey

35
Q

Complete clearing of RBCS
Positive for production of hemolysis

A

Beta-hemolysis

36
Q

Partial clearing and greening of blood
Positive for degradation of hemoglobin pigment into biliverdin

A

Alpha-hemolysis

37
Q

No clearing with or without rusting
Negative for hemolysis

A

Gamma-hemolysis

38
Q

Uses blood agar media for classification of Streptococci

A

Smith & Brown

39
Q

α-hemolytic Streptococcus

A

S. viridans
S. pneumoniae

40
Q

Test positive for Bile Optochin Test

A

S. pneumoniae

41
Q

β-hemolytic Streptococcus

A

S. pyogenes
S. agalactiae

42
Q

Test positive to Bacitracin Test

A

S. pyogenes

43
Q

Used to differentiate enterococci and group D streptococci

A

Bile Esculin Test

44
Q

Test positive to Bile Esculin test

A

Enterococcus

45
Q

Main groups of Lancefield

A
  1. Group A
  2. Group B
  3. Group D
  4. Unclassified Hemolytic
46
Q

Lancefield Group A Streptococcus

A

S. pyogenes

47
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes pathogenic enzymes

A
  1. Streptolysin O
  2. Streptolysin S
  3. Pyrogenic/Erythrogenic Toxin
  4. Streptokinase
48
Q

S. pyogenes main virulence factor and tested for disease due to its antigenic (ASO antibodies)

A

Streptolysin O

49
Q

Smaller than Streptolysin O and not antigenic

A

Streptolysin S

50
Q

Enzyme that results to fever

A

Pyrogenic toxin

51
Q

Enzyme that results to redness

A

Erythrogenic toxin

51
Q

Enzyme that inhibits blood clotting

A

Streptokinase

52
Q

Diseases caused by LOCAL INVASION/EXOTOXIN RELEASE S. pyogenes

A
  1. Streptococcal Pharyngitis
  2. Streptococcal Skin Infections
  3. Scarlet Fever
  4. Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
53
Q

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

A

Tonsilitis,
Pharyngitis

54
Q

Streptococcal Skin Infections

A

Cellulitis,
Impetigo,
Necrotizing Fasciitis

55
Q

Diseases caused by DELAYED ANTIBODY-MEDIATED RELEASE S. pyogenes

A

RHEUMATIC FEVER

56
Q

RHEUMATIC FEVER SYMPTOMS

A
  • Fever
  • Myocarditis (heart inflammation)
  • Joint Swelling (Arthritis)
  • Chorea (involuntary dance-like movements of extremities

Latent s/sx
* Subcutaneous nodules (rubbery nodules)
* Erythema marginatum

57
Q

Group B Streptococcus

A

Strepotococcus agalactiae

58
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae characteristics

A

Normal flora of mouth and vagina
Causes neonatal meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis

59
Q

S. pyogenes main virulence enzyme
Similar to protein in mitral and aortic

A

M-protein

60
Q

Group D cocci

A

Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium

Streptococcus bovis
Streptococcus equinus

61
Q

Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium disease

A

UTI,
biliary tract,
bacteremia

62
Q

Streptococcus bovis disease

A

Strongly associated with colon cancer

63
Q

Streptococcus equinus disease

A

rare - bacteremia & endocarditis

64
Q

Unclassified Streptococcus

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Viridans groups

Streptococcus salivarius
Streptococcus sanguis
Streptococcus mitis
Streptococcus intermedius
Streptococcus mutans

65
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae characteristics

A

Lancet-shaped,
diplococci,
Encapsulated

66
Q

No unifying features
No antigenic properties

A

Unclassified Streptococcus

67
Q

Helps evade phagocytosis

A

Capsule

68
Q

Its color dependent on the cell reaction of the body but not absolute

A

Phlegm

69
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of

A

Pneumonia in adults
Bacterial Meningitis in adults
Otitis media in children

70
Q

Viridans groups dieases

A

Dental infections,
Endocarditis,
Abcesses

71
Q

Classification under academic or Bergey

A
  1. Viridans
  2. Enterococcus
  3. Pyrogenic
  4. Lactic
72
Q

Lancefield Group A antigen

A

Rhamnose-N-acetyl glucosamine

73
Q

Lancefield Group B antigen

A

Rhamnose glucosamine polysaccharide

74
Q

Lancefield Group D antigen

A

Glycerol Teichoic Acid

Microbiology & Parasitology (9 decks)

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