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Microbiology & Parasitology > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Study of minute living organisms

A

MICROBIOLOGY

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2
Q

Study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between
them.

A

PARASITOLOGY

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3
Q

observed thin slice of cork under a crude microscope

A

ROBERT HOOKE

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4
Q

all living things are composed of cells.

A

CELL THEORY

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5
Q

-

A

-

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6
Q

observed live microorganisms
through the magnifying lens he
constructed (single-lens
microscope).

A

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

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7
Q

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK called the live microorganisms

as

A

animalcules.

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8
Q

forms of life arising from non-living matter.

A

ABIOGENESIS THEORY/SPONTANEOUS GENERATION THEORY

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9
Q

disproved the spontaneous generation theory (sealed jars)

A

FRANCESCO REDI

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10
Q

proponent of the spontaneous generation theory

A

JOHN NEEDHAM

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11
Q

necessary for a spontaneous generation had been destroyed

by the heat.

A

vital force

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12
Q

asserted that microorganisms from the air probably had

entered Needham’s solutions.

A

LAZARRO SPALLANZANI

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13
Q

Creator of concept of BIOGENESIS THEORY

A

RUDOLF VIRCHOW

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14
Q

living cells can arise only from

pre-existing living cells.

A

BIOGENESIS THEORY

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15
Q

Disproved ABIOGENESIS by his Swan Neck flask experiment

A

LOUIS PASTEUR

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16
Q

process by which sugars are converted

to alcohol by yeasts in the absence of air.

A

Fermentation

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17
Q

bacteria change the alcohol in the

beverage into

A

vinegar (acetic acid).

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18
Q

Concept of microorganisms causing disease.

A

GERM THEORY OF DISEASE

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19
Q

Demonstrated that physicians, who do not
disinfect their hands routinely transmitted infections
(puerperal fever).

A

IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS

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20
Q

Treated surgical wounds with phenol (carbolic
acid), a disinfectant. The practice reduced the
incidence of infections and death.

A

JOSEPH LISTER

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21
Q

Anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

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22
Q

Tuberculosis.

A

Mycobacterium

tuberculosis

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23
Q

Discovered Bacillus anthracis & Mycobacterium

tuberculosis

A

ROBERT KOCH

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24
Q

(Disease Causation Process)

A

KOCH’S POSTULATES

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25
Q

pathogens cannot be grown in artificial media

A

Treponema pallidum
Mycobacterium leprae
Rickettsial pathogens
Viruses

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26
Q

Father of immunization

A

EDWARD JENNER

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27
Q

the protection from disease provided by vaccination

or by recovery from the disease itself

A

IMMUNITY

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28
Q

The root word of the word “vaccine”

A

VACCA

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29
Q

destroy pathogenic microorganisms without damaging the infected animal/
human (host)

A

CHEMOTHERAPY

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30
Q

chemicals/ drugs produced naturally by bacteria

and fungi acting against another microorganism.

A

ANTIBIOTICS

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31
Q

treatment for Malaria

A

Quinine

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32
Q

discovered SALVARSAN

A

PAUL EHRLICH

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33
Q

salvation from syphilis

A

SALVARSAN

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34
Q

drugs derived from dyes;

A

Sulfonamides

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35
Q

Discovered PENICILLIN

A

ALEXANDER FLEMING

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36
Q

Bacteria, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria

A

MONERA

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37
Q

Protozoans

A

PROTISTA

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38
Q

Yeasts, Molds

A

FUNGI

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39
Q

Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, Mosses, Ferns

A

PLANTAE

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40
Q

Sponges, Worms, Insects, Vertebrates, Mollusks, Arthropods, etc.

A

ANIMALIA

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41
Q

are relatively simple, unicellular (single-celled), prokaryotic organisms.

A

BACTERIA

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42
Q

BACTERIA Reproduction:

A

Binary Fission

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43
Q

causative agents of bacterial pneumonia.

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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44
Q

consists of prokaryotic cells, but if they have cell walls,

lack peptidoglycan, often found in extreme environments

A

ARCHAEA

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45
Q

live in extremely salty environments

A

EXTREME HALOPHILES

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46
Q

produce methane as a waste product of

respiration.

A

METHANOGENS

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47
Q

live in hot, sulfurous water,

A

EXTREME THERMOPHILES

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47
Q

live in hot, sulfurous water,

A

EXTREME THERMOPHILES

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48
Q

unicellular or multicellular; eukaryotic organisms.

A

FUNGI

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49
Q

true fungi have cell walls composed primarily of

A

chitin

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50
Q

unicellular eukaryotic organisms, has a variety of shapes and live either as free entities or as parasites

A

PROTOZOA

51
Q

photosynthetic eukaryotes.

A

ALGAE

52
Q

very small, acellular, and considered to be

living only when they multiply within living hosts

A

VIRUS

53
Q

Targets of immunodeficiency viruses

A

CD4+ T cells

54
Q

MULTICELLULAR ANIMAL PARASITES

A

Helminths

55
Q

Branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms
(like bacteria) in the removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins
from soil and/or water. It is used to clean oil spills or contaminated
groundwater.

A

BIOREMEDIATION

56
Q

Viscous, gelatinous polymer external to the cell wall

A

GLYCOCALYX

57
Q

Can be identified using negative staining technique.

A

CAPSULE

58
Q

a collection of one or more types of microorganisms

that can grow on surfaces.

A

Biofilm/EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERIC SUBSTANCE (EPS)

59
Q

Long appendages that propel the bacteria (organ of locomotion).

A

FLAGELLA

60
Q

(no flagella)

A

ATRICHOUS

61
Q

(single pole flagellum)

A

MONOTRICHOUS

62
Q

(two or more flagella at one pole)

A

LOPHOTRICHOUS

63
Q

(flagella on both sides)

A

AMPHITRICHOUS

64
Q

(flagella are distributed around the bacteria)

A

PERITRICHOUS

65
Q

Outer pair is anchored to the cell wall and
the inner pair is anchored to the plasma
membrane of the bacteria.

A

GRAM-NEGATIVE FLAGELLA

66
Q

Only the inner pair is present

A

GRAM-POSITIVE FLAGELLA

66
Q

Only the inner pair is present

A

GRAM-POSITVE FLAGELLA

67
Q

(unidirectional movement)

A

RUNS/ SWIM

68
Q

(abrupt change in direction)

A

TUMBLES

69
Q

(rapid wave-like movement in culture

media)

A

SWARM

70
Q

Flagellar protein; useful in the identification of serovars among
species of gram-negative bacteria.

A

H-ANTIGEN

71
Q

Functions as adherence. shorter, and formed by chromosome

A

FIMBRIAE

72
Q

Functions as conjuction. longer, and formed by plasmid

A

PILI

73
Q

Bundles of fibrils that arise at the ends of the cell

beneath the outer sheath and spiral around the cell.

A

Endoflagella/AXIAL FILAMENT

74
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi
Leptospira interrogans
Treponema pallidum

A

spirochetes

75
Q

Complex, semirigid structure

A

CELL WALL

76
Q

Repeating disaccharide attached by polypeptides to form a lattice that surrounds and protects the entire cell.

A

PEPTIDOGLYCAN

77
Q

appear purple under the microscope. because of the ability bacteria retains the crystal violet dye used in gram staining.

A

GRAM POSITIVE CELL WALL

77
Q

appear purple under the microscope because of the ability retains the crystal violet dye used in gram staining due to thick wall

A

GRAM-POSITIVE CELL WALL

78
Q

are teichoic acids bound to the plasma

membrane.

A

LIPOTEICHOIC

79
Q

are teichoic acids bound to the plasma

membrane.

A

Lipoteichoic acids

80
Q

the counterstain

A

Safranin

80
Q

the counterstain

A

Safranin

81
Q

Contains one or few layers of peptidoglycan but
outside this later is a bilayer membrane (outer
membrane) composed of phospholipids, channel
proteins (called porins), and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

A

GRAM-NEGATIVE CELL WALL

82
Q

The outer membrane is a large complex molecule

that contains lipids and carbohydrates.

A

Lipopolysaccharide

83
Q

lipid portion of LPS.

A

Lipid A

84
Q

attached to lipid A; contains sugars.

A

Core polysaccharide

85
Q

functions as an antigen and is useful for distinguishing species of gram-negative bacteria.

A

O-polysaccharide

86
Q

Released when gram-negative cell wall disintegrates and may trigger fever, vasodilation, inflammation, shock, and
blood clotting.

A

LIPID A

87
Q

Without cell wall; Contains sterols instead of

peptidoglycan

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

88
Q

Smallest known bacteria

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

89
Q

Contains polysaccharides and proteins instead of

peptidoglycan.

A

ARCHAEA

90
Q

ARCHAEA Contains

A

PSEUDOMUREIN

91
Q

Thin layer surrounding the cell’s cytoplasm

A

CELL MEMBRANE

92
Q

Regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell

A

SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY

93
Q

Part of the bacteria where its components are suspended.

A

CYTOPLASM

94
Q

Contains single, long, continuous circularly arranged thread

of double-stranded DNA

A

NUCLEOID

95
Q

Certain antibiotics act by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis

A

Quinolones

96
Q

Circular, double-stranded DNA.

A

PLASMIDS

97
Q

Cell structure responsible for protein synthesis

A

RIBOSOMES

98
Q

Inorganic phosphate reserve

A

METACHROMATIC GRANULES

99
Q

METACHROMATIC GRANULES Collectively known as

A

VOLUTIN

100
Q

Consist of glycogen and starch

A

POLYSACCHARIDE GRANULES

101
Q

• Lipid storage

A

LIPID INCLUSIONS

102
Q

oxidize sulfur and sulfur-containing

compounds to energy

A

Thiobacillus

103
Q

For bacteria that only utilizes CO2 for their carbon source

A

CARBOXYSOMES

104
Q

Aquatic prokaryotes; gas vesicles (maintains buoyancy)

A

GAS VACUOLES

105
Q

Inclusions of Iron Oxide

A

MAGNETOSOMES

106
Q

Example of MAGNETOSOMES

A

Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum

107
Q

Highly durable, dehydrated cells with thick walls

and additional layers and Can survive extreme heat, lack of water,

A

ENDOSPORES

108
Q

Process of endospore formation

A

SPORULATION

109
Q

Process by which endospores go back to its

vegetative state.

A

GERMINATION

110
Q

Bacteria that are round or oval with one plane of division

A

diplococci

111
Q

Bacteria that are round or oval with one plane of division

A

DIPLOCOCCI

112
Q

Bacteria that are round or oval with one plane of division in a chain

A

STREPTOCOCCI

113
Q

Bacteria that are round or oval with two plane of division

A

TETRAD

114
Q

Bacteria that are round or oval with three plane of division

A

SARCINAE

115
Q

Bacteria that are round or oval in a cluster

A

STAPHYLOCOCCI

116
Q

A bacteria that are stick-like with rounded,

squared, or swollen ends

A

COCCOBACILLI

117
Q

Small, slightly curved rods; coma-shaped.

A

VIBRIO

118
Q

Bacteria that have one or more twists.

A

SPIRAL

119
Q

Helical and rigid

A

SPIRILLUM

120
Q

Star-shaped bacteria

A

STELLA

120
Q

Rectangular Bacteria

A

HALOARCULA

120
Q

Lacks a distinct shape

A

PLEOMORPHIC

121
Q

Star-shaped

A

stella

Microbiology & Parasitology (9 decks)

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