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Grade 12 History > Unit 3 from Review > Flashcards

Unit 3 from Review Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the birth of modern industrial society happeN

A

1815-1870

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2
Q

HOW COULD THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BE CONSIDERED A PERIOD OF DUAL REVOLUTION

A

political revolution and the ideals of the french revolutions became a reality

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3
Q

What was the Industrial Revolution

A

a transformation economy and society

a period of transformation, reform, change and often conflict

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4
Q

What was the major invention during the industrial revolution

A

“make by machine” steam, this was the major power source

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5
Q

Who was Adam Smith

A

during the industrial revolution he wrote “Wealth of Nations” which was about production and labour, systems of trade and increasing productivity

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6
Q

how was the class system changed by the industrial revolution

A

created the middle class, working class, urbanization changed money and banks

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7
Q

What does the term industrial revolution mean

A

England 1830s to express how much society changed in one generation

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8
Q

What was Britain considered during the industrial revolution

A

“Great Britain”
“Workshop of the world”
after the Napoleonic wars, most of Europe followed Great Britain

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9
Q

what was a major issue during the industrial revolution

A

child labour
women and children often used more in factory work
females paid less than men, many women left the workforce after birth of children

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10
Q

How was marriage and sex changed during the industrial revolution

A

married younger, less infant mortality, increases sexual activity = illegitiment children
estimated that nearly 50% of paris was born out of wedlock in early 19th century

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11
Q

what was family violence like during the industrial revolution

A

among working class- wife beating was a male prerogative, women were prime victims of male violence

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12
Q

how did the Code Napoleon change the role of men and women

A

father had absolute authority, code napoleon established this in most of Continental Europe

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13
Q

How was John Stuart Mill involved with women rights

A

campaigned for their absolute equivalency to men (especially suffrage)

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14
Q

how did the role of government change during the industrial revolution

A 
economy had booms and lumps, this required adaptation by individuals and government. After good times, people were less tolerant of hard times
the working class developed a common identity
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15
Q

what type of government ruled during the industrial revoltion

A

Laissez faire

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16
Q

what is a Laissez faire government

A

no government intervention– felt free market optimized economic growth

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17
Q

What was Malthus’ idea during the industrial revolution

A

1766-1834
idea that population growth was after than food supply and this increased poverty
the government did nothing about this even though social realities called for political action

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18
Q

what were the main ideas of utilitarianism

A

government intervention and regulation

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19
Q

who was Bentham and was were his ideas

A

“principle of utility” – laws should be designed to create “increased happiness of most amount of people”

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20
Q

did the role of the state increase during the industrial revolution

A

yes in areas post 1840

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21
Q

how was social legislation changed during the industrial revolution

A

increased poverty = increased social legislation

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22
Q

what was the New Poor Law

A

(1834) said that in order to remove poor relief, had to enter a work house. But the conditions were absolutely terrible

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23
Q

when did the first industrial revolution happen and where

A

england

1750-1851

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24
Q

what happened in the first industrial revolution

A

with privatization in agriculture in 1780s– market system developed. Canals built to facilitate transportation, placed by trains in 1830-40s. British trace and commercialism was extensive… exotic and other trade items imported from places such as china, Japan, India, Canada and USA

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25
Q

how was consumer demand impacted but he industrial revolution

A

demand was outstripping supply, made the cottage system (working from home) obsolete
Increased demand, lower price = increased profit

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26
Q

how was multiplier effect created from the industrial revolution

A

increased technology, need for new technology = multiplier effect

27
Q

How did technology during the industrial revolution impact society

A

new tech. solved some problems, but created new ones. Cotton industry seen as having the greatest multiplier effect. Coal mining, iron production and machine design were real engines. By 1830 Britain was leading industrial power

28
Q

Did Industrialization hit the continent of europe the same time as it did britain

A

nope, it emerged later. But when it did hit, it had political, economic and social effect that lasted into the 20th century, population increased.
Europe lagged behind mostly due to the Napoleonic wars

29
Q

what did Marx and Engels write about the industrial revolution

A

“The condition of the working class in England”

30
Q

what was the social impact of the first industrial revolution

A

Big Picture– massive growth and change also great disparity resulted, along with poor working conditions. Much debate about impact of IR– urban environments were appalling

31
Q

what were the two major developments of city life during the first industrial revolution

A

increase population and increased urban population
huge migration to cities, lack of urban planning = overcrowding, lack of sanitation, death rate exceeded birth rate as disease spread in these conditions

32
Q

what were the conditions of work during the first industrial revolution

A

mechanized of factory work = constant, repetitive work dictated by owners. Work week developed, as was time and work related discipline. School system built around factory system: discipline, punitive measures against lateness, no talking in the halls,

33
Q

what happened after Napoleon was defeated in 1815

A

europe reorganized and restored. French revolution reverberated through europe– nobility, kings and authority weakened. Tried to balance europe… no dominant power: liberalism, democracy and socialism

34
Q

who was Matternich and what did he have to do with the congress of vienna

A

Prince Matternich sought to redraft European order and secure Austria’s position

35
Q

what is the “Concert of Europe”

A

maintaining political stability: congress initiated practice of statesmen consulting. Idea of a “concert” of europe worked for Russia, Prussia, Austria and Great britain: concerned with French expansion. A Holy Alliance proposed– but long term problems restoration of government- legitimizing monarchs priority– not rights of citizens (inadvertently increased revolutionary forced in Europe)

36
Q

How did liberalism play into the IR

A

liberalism attuned to i teresita f middle class, liberty of individual– was against absolute monarchy. Often teamed with radical democrats. yet as reform advances, it became liberal vs democracy

37
Q

Why did Marx write the Communist Manifesto

A

for 1848 germany, he called for “workers of the world unite”

38
Q

why was 1848 a big year for revolutions

A

revolutions broke out in many areas of europe– but monarchs and generals restored
Economic crisis: 1845-1847- poor harvests = increased food prices = peasants struggle to avoid starvation
1846- irish potato famine killed thousands. economic disasters = revolt
Revolutionary spring: Feb 1848 and counteroffensive june 1848 - louis Napoleon Bonaparte- nephew of Emperor takes power in france

39
Q

what were the origins of socialism

A

liberalism, democracy and socialism were part of legacy of fresh revolution. In first half of 18th century– increased population, industrial change, increased disparity, rich vs poor… many say the need for a new kind of society

40
Q

who were the 3 utopian socialists

A

henri de Saint- simon
robert owen
Pierre-joseph Proudhon

41
Q

what did henri de Saint- simon believe

A

political liberation requires social change

42
Q

what did robert owen believe

A

gradual reform, education, unions community

43
Q

what did Pierre-joseph Proudhon believe

A

no trust in state, one of the founders of anarchism

44
Q

what did Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels believe

A

communism embraced power of new working class, only revolution would bring change

45
Q

what was the 19th century western art, music and literature known as

A

age of reason

46
Q

what were the defining aspects of the age of reason

A

many artists freed themselves from confines and restrictions of academic world. This was the age of romanticism

47
Q

what was the driving force of change

A

nationalism

48
Q

what fuelled nationalism

A

it was fuelled by leaders to consolidate power

49
Q

when did europe take shape

A

1871

50
Q

what was crucial in europes formation (taking shape)

A

imperialism

51
Q

what did leaders do during the rise of the nation state

A

leaders tried to harness power of people’s pride in the state in pursuit of national objectives

52
Q

what was Louis Napoleon Bonaparte’s role in France during the Nations Upheaval

A

balanced autocracy and democracy– one of the only republics

53
Q

what brought napoleon III’s second empire to an end

A

prussia in 1870

54
Q

What were Louis Napoleon’s titles as he ruled france

A

president in 1848-1852 and emperor 1852-1870

55
Q

did the french society thrive under louis napoleon

A

yes, france prospered and the citizens seemed to live with the Emporer’s new “democracy”

56
Q

who redesigned paris in 1853 to be a gem in all of europe

A

Baron Georges Hausmann

57
Q

what was the Crimean War (1854-1856) fought over

A

fought to resist Russian expansion beyond the Black Sea into the Balkans and Mediterranean. Florence Nightingale wore about horrible conditions of the war, may soldiers died of disease

58
Q

What was the peace conference

A

in response to the crimean war, the peace negotiations

59
Q

where was the peace conference held

A

in Paris in 1856, this restored france as the diplomatic centre of europe

60
Q

what is resorgimento

A

movement for Italian unification

61
Q

was the resorgimento a struggle

A

yes 1848-1871

62
Q

what did the resorgimento push for

A

to eliminate in realpolitik

63
Q

what is realpolitik

A

politics based on realities and material needs rather than ideals and morals

Grade 12 History (8 decks)

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