Unit 3- Elbow

Question 1

Elbow joint

Answer 1

Articulation of humerus with ulna and radius, uniaxial (flexion/ extension),

Question 2

Radioulnar joint

Answer 2

Proximal end- head of radius pivots within radial notch on ulna, forms proximal radioulnar joint

Distal end- ulnar notch of radius rotates around head of ulna forming distal raidoulnar joint

Question 3

Radioulnar uniaxial joint

Answer 3

Supination and pronation

Radius moves around the ulna

Question 4

Carrying angle

Answer 4

Normal angle created by longitudinal axes of humerus and forearm when in anatomical position (larger in women, evolution)

Question 5

Scapular landmarks

Answer 5

1. Infraglenoid tubercle
2. Supraglenoid tubercle
3. Coracoid process

Question 6

Medial collateral ligament

Answer 6

Provides medial stability, humeral- ulna together,

Question 7

Lateral collateral ligament

Answer 7

Provides lateral stability

Question 8

Annular ligament

Answer 8

Holds head of radius against ulna, around the neck, head moves freely

Question 9

Interosseous membrane

Answer 9

Keeps bones from separating, increases surface area for attachment of forearm and wrist mm

Question 10

Brachialis

Answer 10

Strong elbow flexor, elbow flexion

Question 11

Biceps brachii

Answer 11

2 heads, elbow flexion and supination

Question 12

Brachioradialis

Answer 12

Elbow flexion, no effect on pronation and supination

Question 13

Triceps

Answer 13

3 heads, elbow extension, vertical line of pull,

Question 14

Anconeous

Answer 14

Not a prime mover in any movement, assists in elbow extension, small muscle under triceps

Question 15

Pronator teres

Answer 15

Teres= long, pronation of radius around ulna, assists in flexion

Question 16

Pronator quadratus

Answer 16

Pronation by moving the radius over the ulna

Question 17

Supinator

Answer 17

Supination in combination with biceps

Question 18

Innervations

Answer 18

1. Musculocutaneous- innervates anterior surface, elbow flexors
2. Radial- innervates posterior surface, elbow extension
3. Median- innervates pronators
4. Spinal cord levels- C6: supination
   C7: intact elbow extension

Question 19

Lateral epicondylitis

Answer 19

Tennis elbow, pain in elbow as result of overuse of common extensor tendon of wrist

Question 20

Medial epicondylitis

Answer 20

Golfer’s elbow, inflammation of common flexor tendon, overuse at wrist flexion

Question 21

Little league elbow

Answer 21

Overuse of medial epicondyle due to repetitive motion of throwing

Question 22

Nursemaid’s elbow or pulled elbow

Answer 22

Young children, radial head pulls out from under annular ligament (subluxes) from traction force (pulling on arm)

Question 23

Elbow dislocation

Answer 23

Cause by large force while in slightly flexed position, ulna slides posterior to the distal end of the humerus

Question 24

Supracondylar fractures

Answer 24

Distal end of humerus fractures above condyles, one of the most common in kids from fall on outstretched and, can cause trauma brachial aa.

Question 25

Volkmann’s ischemic contracture

Answer 25

Necrosis of the forearm muscles caused by trauma to brachial artery, not enough blood supply

Question 26

Compartment syndrome

Answer 26

Increased pressure in enclosed area of arm because fascia damage and can result in amputation or death

Question 27

Hitting your “funny bone”

Answer 27

Ulnar nerve where it runs through the cubital tunnel