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Clinical Kinesiology > UNIT 1 > Flashcards

UNIT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Kinesiology

A

Study of movement

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2
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Median or midsagittal

Splits body into R and L halves

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3
Q

Frontal plane

A

Coronal

Divides body into anterior and posterior parts, front and back

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4
Q

Transverse

A

Horizontal plane, upper and lower, or superior and inferior parts

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5
Q

Axes of movement

A

Right angle to plane in which movement occurs

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6
Q

Frontal axis

A

Movements in SAGITTAL plane have frontal axes

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7
Q

Sagittal axis

A

Movements in FRONAL planes have sagittal axes

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8
Q

Vertical axis

A

Movements in transverse plane occur around vertical axes

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9
Q

Linear movement (translatory)

A

Movement in relatively straight line, all parts of object move same distance in same direction at the same time

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10
Q

Rectilinear

A

Movement in straight line (Car on road, w/c on path)

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11
Q

Curvilinear

A

Curved path, skier down slope b/w flags

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12
Q

Angular (rotary) movement

A

Movement of object around fixed point traveling through an arc

All parts move through the same angle, same direction, but not the same distance

Bones at joint

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13
Q

Osteokinematics

A

Bone movements in space

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14
Q

Skeletal system functions

A

Support and shape to body, protects vital organs and body systems, manufactures blood cells

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15
Q

Axial

A

Head, thorax, and trunk

80

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16
Q

Appendicular

A

Extremities
Arms, legs, pelvis and shoulder girdle
126

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17
Q

Compact bone

A

Outer shell

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18
Q

Cancellous bone, spongy bone

A

Porous, inside of bone, resists strain and stress, makes up end of most articular bones

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19
Q

Diaphysis

A

Main shaft of bone

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20
Q

Medullary canal

A

Hollow, center of diaphysis, contains marrow

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21
Q

Endosteum

A

Membrane lining the medullary canal

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22
Q

Epiphysis

A

Area of end of diaphysis, wider than shaft, growth occurs here in children

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23
Q

Metaphysis

A

Flared end of the diaphysis which supports the epiphysis

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24
Q

Periosteum

A

Membrane covering bone except articular surfaces (hyaline cartilage)
Contains nerve and blood vessels

ATTACHMENT point for tendons and ligaments

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25
Q

Long bones

A

Length greater than width, compact bone is more centralized where stress is greatest

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26
Q

Short bones

A

Usually articulate with more than one bone, cubical,

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27
Q

Flat bones

A

Tend to have curved surfaces,

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28
Q

Irregular

A

Mixed shape

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29
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Small bones located where a tendon crosses the end of a long bone protecting the tendon from wear by creating grooves

Patella

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30
Q

Joints

A

Connection between two bones which allows movement,

Provides stability to body and bears weight of body,

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31
Q

Shoulder example of…

A

Move movement in joint= less stability

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32
Q

Sternoclavicular example of…

A

Less movement in joint= increased stability

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33
Q

Fibrous joints (3)

A

Has thin layer of periosteum between bones,

  1. Synarthrosis
  2. Syndesmosis
  3. Gomphosis
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34
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Suture joint, bones interlock with little or no movement

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35
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Ligamentous, fibrous tissues holds joint together

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36
Q

Gomphosis

A

Bolted, between teeth and dental socket (only here)

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37
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

Hyaline or fibrocartilage between two bones
Great stability with small amount of motion
Vertebrae

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38
Q

Synovial joint

A

No direct connection between bones, cavity filled with synovial fluid is contained inside capsule, outer layer strong fibrous tissue, inner layer synovial membrane, free movement

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39
Q

Nonaxial

A

Linear movement, movement in these joints occurs secondary to other movement

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40
Q

Uniaxial

A

1 direction

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41
Q

Biaxial

A

2 directions

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42
Q

Triaxial

A

Motion in all three axes, multiple directions

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43
Q

Ligaments

A

Hold bones together, do not stretch (but are flexible), prevents excessive movement of joint

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44
Q

Joint capsule

A

outer layer- fibrous tissue

inner layer- synovial membrane, secretes synovial fluid

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45
Q

Fribrocartilage

A

shock absorber, deepens joint, ex- humerus and glenoid fossa (labrym), discs, and menisci

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46
Q

tendon

A

muscle to bone

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47
Q

bursae

A

padding, under tendons and over bony prominences, reduces friction of moving parts

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48
Q

end feel

A

something you feel as you move someone through ROM

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49
Q

arthrokinematic

A

joint movement

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50
Q

bony

A

abrupt limit, bone on bone

51
Q

soft tissue approximation

A

movement stopped by soft tissue contact

52
Q

firm end feel

A

firm but stretchy, some give, most common

53
Q

abnormal bony

A

hard feel where there shouldn’t be

54
Q

boggy

A

wer or spongy, edema

55
Q

muscle spasm

A

protective response

56
Q

empty

A

pt. won’t let you move it 2 to pain

57
Q

springy block

A

rebound feeling

58
Q

component motions

A

involuntary

59
Q

joint play

A

passive movements from applying external forces

60
Q

joint mobilization and manipulation

A

treatment techniques

61
Q

Ovoid joint

A

two bones connecting with convex-concave relationship

62
Q

Seller

A

saddle shaped, each joint surface is concave one direction and convex another

63
Q

Roll

A

1 joint surface rolls on another, heel to toe

64
Q

Glide

A

linear joint surface movement parallel to plane of adjoining surface, skater on one foot

65
Q

Spin

A

rotation of moveable joint surface on a fixed adjacent surface

66
Q

convex-concave rule

A

concave surface on convex= same direction as body
convex will move on fixed concave= opposite direction as body

convex moving= opposite
concave moving= same

67
Q

Closed pack position

A

joint surfaces have maximum contact with each other

68
Q

Open pack position

A

maximum incongruity of joint surfaces, joint mobilization is generally done in this position because ligaments are relaxed

69
Q

sprain

A

partial/complete of ligament

70
Q

Insertion

A

moveable bone, usually moves toward stable bone

I- I move

71
Q

Origin

A

stable bone, tends to be closer to trunk than insertion

origin- where people are from

72
Q

Reversal of muscle action

A

If the insertion becomes fixed, then the origin moves toward the insertion and the insertion becomes stable
chin-up on bar

73
Q

Strap muscles

A

long, thin, fibers run entire length

74
Q

Fusiform muscles

A

spindle like, wider in middle and tapered at both ends

75
Q

Rhomboidal

A

four side, flat, broad attachements

76
Q

triangular

A

flat and fan shaped

77
Q

Irritability

A

ability to respond to stimuli

78
Q

Contractility

A

ability to be shortened or contract

79
Q

Extensibility

A

ability to stretch or lengthen

80
Q

Elasticity

A

ability to return to resting length

81
Q

Excursion

A

distance from total elongation to total shortness

82
Q

mm that crosses 1 joint

A

usually has sufficient excursion to allow joint through entire ROM

83
Q

mm that crosses 2 joints

A

may not have enough excursion to allow full ROM through all joints involved, further would result in damage and tearing

84
Q

Muscle tension is dependent on

A

length

85
Q

Active insufficiency

A

mm runs out of ability to shorten before the joints run out of full range to move, occurs to the agonist, bend leg, butt kick example

86
Q

Passive insufficiency

A

mm can not be elongated any further without damage, when stretching full ROM can not be reached due to length limitations of mms and tendons, touch toes

87
Q

Stretching

A

should be performed on relaxed muscle

88
Q

Tenodesis

A

Use principle of passive insufficiency to open and close hand, flex wrists- fingers open, extend wrist- fingers close, quadriplegics

89
Q

Isometric

A

no joint movement

90
Q

isotonic

A

mm contracts, mm length changes, joint angle changes

91
Q

isotonic concentric

A

mm shortens, picking up weights

92
Q

isotonic eccentric

A

mm appears to be lengthening, putting weights down

93
Q

isokinetic

A

done only with special equipment, resistance varies, velocity and speech remain the same

94
Q

agonist

A

muscle causing motion, primer mover- major role, assisting mover, contracts

95
Q

antagonist

A

mm that performs the opposing motion of agonist, remains @ rest, elongates

96
Q

co-contraction

A

agonist/ antagonist contract at the same time, stability, no movement

97
Q

stabilizer

A

mm that supports and allows agonist to work, fixator

98
Q

neutralizer

A

prevents unwanted motion

99
Q

synergist

A

mm that works with one or more other mms

100
Q

angle of pull

A

mody mm pull at a diagonal, results from combined vertical and horizontal forces

101
Q

closed kinematic chain

A

distal segment of chain is fixed, proximal segment moves

102
Q

open kinematic chain

A

distal segment moves, proximal segment remains stationary

103
Q

force

A

measurable influences acting on a body

104
Q

linear force

A

2+ forces act along same line

105
Q

parallel force

A

same plane in same or opposite, third force must be present between 2 parallel forces to provide counterforce

106
Q

cocurrent force

A

2+ forces act on a common point but pull in different directions, net effort is resultant force

107
Q

force couple

A

2+ forces act together, but in opposite but equals direction resulting in turning

108
Q

torque

A

rotary, ability of force to produce rotation

109
Q

equilibrium

A

all forces are equal

110
Q

center of gravity

A

the balance point of an object, all planes intersect

111
Q

base of support

A

where the body is in contact with the supporting surface

112
Q

axis

A

fixed point, is the actual joint

113
Q

force

A

muscle that is moving

114
Q

resistance

A

the load, the part of the body that is moving + gravity + anything being lifted

115
Q

force arm

A

distance between the joint and mm attachment

116
Q

resistance arm

A

length between line of resistance and axis

117
Q

first class lever

A

Axis in middle

118
Q

second class lever

A

Resistance in middle

119
Q

third class lever

A

Force in middle

120
Q

The longer the lever arm =

A

less resistance you will need to apply to get a result

121
Q

pulleys

A

fixed, changes the direction of the force,

122
Q

wheel and axle

A

faucet example, completing shoulder internal and external rotation

123
Q

inclined plane

A

w/c ramp/ accessibility

Clinical Kinesiology (7 decks)

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