UNIT 2 - chapter 9

Question 1

Shoulder girdle

Answer 1

Scapula and clavicle, acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints

Question 2

Shoulder joint

Answer 2

Scapula and humerus, glenohumeral joint

Question 3

Shoulder bones, joints, ligaments

Answer 3

Scapular - resting between ribs 2-7
Clavicle
Sternum, ribs attach
Humerus
Rib cage, scapula glides on

Joints
Glenohumeral
Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Scapulothoracic Articulation

Ligaments
Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Coracoidacromial

Question 4

Scapulothoracic articulation

Answer 4

Not a true joint, provides motion and flexibility, scapula not really attached to thorax

Question 5

Glenohumeral joint

Answer 5

shoulder joint, most mobile in the body, external and internal rotation, flexion/extension, abduction/ adduction, horizontal abduction and adduction

Question 6

Sternoclavicular joint

Answer 6

The direct attachment of the shoulder girdle to the trunk
Clavicle moves, sternum doesn't
3 subtle degrees of motion:
1. elevation/ depression
2. protraction/ retraction
3. rotation
synovial joint

Question 7

Articular disc

Answer 7

shock absorber, attached in 2 places acts like a hinge on a door that swings in both directions

Question 8

Costoclavicular ligament

Answer 8

limits the elevation of the clavicle

Question 9

Sternoclavicular ligament

Answer 9

provides reinforcement of joint, limits anterior/posterior movement

Question 10

Interclavicular ligament

Answer 10

On top of the manubrium, connect the clavicles, limits depression

Question 11

Acromioclavicular joint

Answer 11

Connects with acromion process and lateral end of the clavicle
weak joint
increased mobility

Question 12

Acromioclavicular ligament

Answer 12

superior and inferior, prevents dislocation of clavicle by holding it to the acromion

Question 13

Accessory ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint

Answer 13

Coracoclavicular ligament: prevents backwards movement of the scapula and limits rotation

Coracoacromial ligament: forms a protective arch over the humerus, provides support to the humeral head

Question 14

Scapulothroacic

Answer 14

Refers to movements of the scapula and clavicle (acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints)
Elevation/ depression linear
Protraction/ retraction linear
Upward and downward rotation angular/ rotational
INFERIOR angle is reference point
scapuar tilt

Question 15

Scapular winging

Answer 15

disfunction, loss of muscle function, loss of stabilizing muscles, scapular lifts away from rib cage, noticeable at the vertebral border

Question 16

Companion motions

Answer 16

Whenever there is shoulder joint movement, there must/ will be scapular movement

Question 17

Shoulder joint
Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation
Horizontal abduction
Horizontal adduction

Answer 17

Shoulder girdle
Upward rotation, protraction
Downward rotation, retraction
Scapular tilt
Upward rotation
Downward rotation
Protraction
Retraction
Retraction
Protraction 

Impairment in one must result in dysfunction at the other

Question 18

Scapulohumeral rhythm

Answer 18

initial 30* of shoulder joint movement, only pure movement happening at shoulder joint

After those 30, for every 2 of shoulder elevation (flexion or abduction), the scapula must rotate upward by 1*

2:1 ratio

Question 19

Angle of pull

Answer 19

Vertical pull- elevation, depression, greater up down movement
Horizontal- protraction, retraction, greater in out
MM with equal pull, can play a role in both

Question 20

Prime movers

Retraction

Answer 20

Middle trapezius, rhomboids

Question 21

Protraction

Answer 21

Serratus anterior, pectoralis minor

Question 22

Elevation

Answer 22

Upper trapezius, levator scapula, rhomboids

Question 23

Depression

Answer 23

Lower trapezius, pectoralis minor

Question 24

Upward rotation

Answer 24

Upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior

Question 25

Downward rotation

Answer 25

Rhomboids, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor

Question 26

Scapular tilt

Answer 26

Pectoralis minor

Question 27

Upper trapezius

Answer 27

Action: 1 degree of scapular elevation, and upward rotation, 2 degrees of retraction

Antagonist to the lower trap, elevation
Agonist with the lower trap, rotation

Question 28

Middle trapezius

Answer 28

Action: scapular retraction

horizontal line of pull

Question 29

Lower trapezius

Answer 29

Action: depression, and upward rotation

Antagonist with upper trap, depression
Agonist with the upper trap, rotation

Question 30

Levator scapula

Answer 30

Action: scapular elevation, downward rotation

Question 31

Rhomboids

Answer 31

Action: prime mover in retraction and elevation, also rotate scapular downward

oblique line of pull

2 muscle major and minor

Question 32

Serratus anterior

Answer 32

Goes under the scapula, and mm goes between ribs and scapula

Horizontal line of pull
Action: Protraction, lower fibers also upwardly rotate, rounding back out, keeps scapula against rib cage (winging)

Question 33

Pectoralis minor

Answer 33

Action: scapular depression, downward rotation, and scapular tilt

Line of pull: Downward diagonal, vertical

Question 34

Force couples

Answer 34

Muscles that are pulling in different directions but produce the same motion

Question 35

Scapular upward rotation

Answer 35

upper trap pulls up, lower trap pulls down, serratus anterior pulls inferior angle outward horizontally (forward)

Question 36

Scapular downward rotation

Answer 36

Pec minor pulls down, rhomboids pull in, and levator scapula pulls up
Inferior angle to rotate downward

*Used when needed to bring arm down forcefully

Question 37

Reversal of muscle action

Answer 37

Occurs when distal part of body, is fixed in closed chain movement