UNIT 2 - chapter 10 Flashcards
Muscles can only ___
pull, not push
The shoulder joint
Ball and socket, triaxial
Joint motions of the shoulder joint
4 groups of motions Flexion/ extension/ hyper extension Adduction/ abduction Internal/ external rotation Horizontal adduction/ abduction
Flexion/ extension/ hyperextension
Plane- sagittal
Axis- frontal
ROM
Flexion: 0-180
Extension: return to normal
Hyperextension: 0-45 (anatomical position)
Adduction/ abduction
Plane- frontal
Axis- sagittal
ROM
0-180
Internal/ external rotation
Plane- transverse
Axis- vertical
ROM
0-90 in each direction
Horizontal adduction and abduction
Plane- transverse
Axis- vertical
ROM
Starting position: 90 degress of should abduction
Horizontal adduction: 0-120
Horizontal abduction: 0-30
Scaption
Plane- scapular, 30 degrees in front of the frontal place, midway between flexion and abduction
functional plane, most functional activities occur here
ROM
0-180
Arthrokinematic motion
Convex-concave rule
flextion/ abduction: opposite direction
extension/ adduction: reverses
Joint capsule
Spacious, outer fibrous, inner synovial
Partial vacuum to help hold humeral head to glenoid fossa
Glenohumeral ligaments
3 ligaments, superior, middle, and inferior
part of joint capsule
function: to reinforce anterior portion
Coracohumeral ligament
function: strengthens the upper part of joint capsule
Glenoid labrum
Fibrous ring on the rim of the glenoid fossa
Deepens the articular surface
Bursae
Subdeltoid: large, located between the deltoid muscle and the joint capsule, protects deltoid from being rubbed by bony
Subacromial: below acromion process, coracoacromial ligament, protect
Rotator cuff
Rotate humerus head, tendinous band formed when all the tendons inserting from the muscle blend together
Keeps the head of the humerus in glenoid fossa, and funtions to keep the joint together during movement and aids in rotation
SITS mm
Subscapularis
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Supraspinatus
Thoracolumbar fascia
Attachment for the latissimus dorsi
Subscapularis
Internal rotation, line of pull horizontal
Coracobrachialis
Action: stabilization of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa
line of pull vertical
Deltoid
anterior, middle, posterior
Anterior deltoid
Action: abduction, internal rotation, horizontal adduction
Line of pull: oblique when at side, horizontal at shoulder level
Middle deltoid
Action: abduction
inchworm effect
Posterior deltoid
Action: abduction, extension/ hyperextension, external rotation, horizontal abduction
Line of pull: oblique, horizontal when at shoulder level
Pectoralis major
Clavicular and sternal portions
Clavicular portion of pectoralis major
Action: sagittal plane, shoulder flexion from 0-60,
Line of pull: when shoulder is in neutral, vertical
Sternal portion of the pectoralis major
Action: shoulder extension, 180-120 in sagittal plane
Line of pull: vertical, best when fully flexed
Combined clavicular and sternal
Action together: adduction, internal rotation, and horizontal adduction
Latissiumus dorsi
Action: extension/ hyperextension, adduction, internal rotation
Line of pull: vertical
reversal of muscle action: crutch walking example
Teres major
Action: extension, adduction, internal rotation
Supraspinatus
Action: abduction, humeral head stabilization
Infraspinatus
Action: external rotation, horizontal abduction
Teres minor
Action: external rotation, horizontal abduction
Glenohumeral movement
Abduction: force couple, arthrokinematic movement, as arm abducts the humeral head rolls and glides in the glenoid fossa due to movement of the rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus- pulls humeral head in
others- pull in and down
Rotation: have to laterally rotate your arm to get full AROM, reposition for the acromion
Acromioclavicular seperation
Ligament injury,
1 degree: a-c ligament is stretched
2 degree: a-c is ruptered and the coracoclavicular is stretched
3 degree: both are ruptered
Fractures
Clavicular: kids, falls
Humeral neck: elderly, falls
Pathologic: caused by tumors, cancer
Dislocations
Anterior shoulder dislocation: most common, forced shoulder abduction with lateral rotation causes humeral head to dislocated anteriorly
G-H subluxation: common after CVA, paralysis and gravity results in loss of humeral head position
