Unit 3 - Drug Class: Antimicrobial Agents

Question 1

Penicillins

Actions, Uses, Drugs

Answer 1

Action: Inhibit bacterial wall synthesis

Uses: Steptococcus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Pencillinase resistant

Drugs: Amoxicillin, Pipercillin, Penicillin, Cloxacillin

Question 2

Cephalosporins

Actions, Uses, Drugs

Answer 2

Actions: Bactericidal, Interfere with bacterial wall synthesis

Uses: 1st Gen: + little -
2nd Gen: +
3rd Gen: decreased gram +
4th Gen: Gram + and -

Drugs: Cefazolin, cefoxitin, cefixime, Cefepime

Question 3

Aminoglycosides

Answer 3

Action: bactericidal
Prevent protein synthesis

Uses: Serious infection, mostly gram -: E. Coli, pseudomonas
Some gram +

Drugs: Natural: Gentamycin, Neomycin
Semisynthetic: amikacin

Question 4

Guinilones

Answer 4

Action: bactericidal
Protein/broad spectrum
Destroys bacteria by altering their DNA

Uses: complicated UTIs, respiratory, skin, GI, Bone and joint infections

Drugs: Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin

Question 5

Tetracyclines

Answer 5

Actions: Bacteriostatic with the help of the body to destroy bacteria

Uses: Gram -, +
Acne, chlamydia

Drugs: Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline

Question 6

Sulfonamides

Answer 6

Action: Bacteriostatic, inhibits growth by preventing bacterial synthesis of folic acid.

Uses: Gram - and +, respiratory tract infections

Drugs: Sulfisoxazole, Apo-Sulfatrim

Question 7

Macrolides

Answer 7

Actions: bacteriostatic, but in high enough concentrations = Bactericidal

Uses: Streptococcus pyogenes, mild to moderate upper and lower resp tract infections

Drugs: erythromycin, Azithromycin, clarithromycin

Question 8

Antitubercular

Answer 8

Actions: Varies depending on the drug. Inhibits either protein syntheses or cell wall synthesis

Uses: TB Infection

Drugs: 1st line: ethambutol HCL, isoniazid
2nd line: Levofloxacin

Question 9

Antiviral

Answer 9

Actions: kill or suppress viruses by either destroying visions or inhibiting their ability to replicate.

Uses: Influenza A, Hep B and C, Herpes, HIV

Drugs: Amantadine, Entercarvir and Ribavirin, Acyclovir, amprenavir

Question 10

Antifungal

Answer 10

Actions: Depends on sub class
Inhibits DNA synthesis
Preventing reproduction
Death of cell by leakage of K and MG

Uses: Systemic mycotoxins infections, Candidiasis, athletes foot

Drugs: amphotericin, nystatin, Lamisil