Unit 3 - chapter 9 (thinking and language) Flashcards
three classes of problems
inducing structure: need to discover the relationship between parts to figure out the whole; patterns
arrangement: arranging things to see the whole picture
transformation: must follow a series of steps/sequences of transformation to reach a specific goal
how to solve problems
- trial and error
- algorithms: ex. math
- heuristics: use more mental thought processes, strategies that you know, “rule of thumb”, often more error-prone compared to algorithms
- insight: “aha” moments, brain activity in temporal lobe
judgements
making decisions are usually a result of our intuition
using representativeness and perceived availability to make decisions
what effects our decision making?
overconfidence: no matter what, their feelings are correct, very close-minded
framing: how we frame our words
belief perseverance: inability to let go of a belief even if it’s been disproven
thinking creatively
convergent thinking: one single answer
divergent thinking: ability to consider many options as the possible correct one, thinking in novel ways to solve problems and think creatively
expertise -> imaginative thinking skills -> outgoingness -> creative environment -> intrinsic motivation
structure of language
phonemes: smallest sound unit
morpheme: smallest unit with meaning
grammar: rules and system that facilitates communication
development of language
babbling stage: ~4 months, various unintelligible sounds
one-word stage: 1-2 years old, single words for entire thoughts
two-word stage: ~2 years old, telegraphic speech
complete sentences: 2+ years old, rapid development into full sentences
critical periods - developmental stage that is very important
language in the brain
two areas:
Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area
broca’s aphasia: have a hard time speaking but can sing with no problem, telegraphic speech, can understand others
Wernicke’s aphasia: can speak very well but cannot organize their own thoughts nor understand others very well
