Unit 3 (Chapter 4/5/6) Flashcards
also known as the Seven Years’ War, a conflict between the British and the French that also involved Native Americans and colonial militias. French defeat in this war greatly decreased their influence in the colonies.
French & Indian War
imposed by the British, this act dictated that all legal
documents in the colonies had to be issued on officially stamped paper. This act created strong resentment in the colonies and was later repealed.
Stamp Act 1765
British legislation that forced colonies to pay duties on most goods coming from England; these duties were fiercely resisted and finally repealed in 1770.
Townshend Acts 1767
conflict between British soldiers and Boston civilians on March 5, 1770; five colonists were killed and six wounded.
Boston Massacre
radical group that organized resistance against British policies in Boston in the 1760s and 1770s.
Sons of Liberty
created first in Massachusetts and then in
other colonies, these groups circulated grievances against the British to towns
within their colonies.
Committees of Correspondence
in response to British taxes on tea, Boston radicals
disguised as Native Americans threw 350 chests of tea into Boston Harbor on
December 16, 1773; important symbolic act of resistance to British economic control of the colonies.
Boston Tea Party
meeting in Philadelphia at which colonists vowed to resist further efforts to tax them without their consent.
First Continental Congress
delegates from seven northern and middle colonies met at which the colonies attempted to coordinate their policies
concerning further westward settlement and concerning Native Americans
Albany Congress
made it illegal to print paper
money in the colonies
Currency Act of 1764
increased the penalties for colonial smuggling and ensured that colonists would
pay the British a duty for all molasses brought into the colonies
Sugar Act
colonial governments were required to provide food and accommodations for British troops stationed in the colonies.
Quartering Act
In October 1765,
nine colonies met together where representatives
reaffirmed the principle that taxation of the colonies be imposed only from
within the colonies.
Stamp Act Congress
stated that Parliament had the right to tax and pass
legislation regarding the colonies “in all cases whatsoever.”
Declaratory Act
In early 1768, Samuel Adams in Massachusetts composed a document
opposing the Townshend Acts, proclaiming that “taxation without representation
is tyranny.” The Massachusetts Assembly voted to approve this document and
send it along to other colonial assemblies for approval. The royal governor
stated that this was a form of sedition, and Parliament
suggested abolishing the assemblies that had approved it
Circular Letter
In response to the Boston Tea Party, the British passed a series of laws where the port of Boston was closed
except for military ships and ships specifically permitted by British customs
officials. The upper house of the Massachusetts Assembly would now be
appointed by the king instead of being elected by the lower house. Town
meetings could not be held without the governor’s consent, and the Quartering
Act was again put into effect.
Intolerable Acts
Compromise which stated that the colonists would not object to measures designed to regulate their external
commerce. The colonies would, however, resist any measures that taxed them
without their consent.
Declaration of Rights and Grievances
This act stated that colonies would continue
to boycott English imports and approve the efforts of Massachusetts to operate
a colonial government free from British control until the Intolerable Acts were
rescinded. Colonies were also urged to raise and train militias of their own.
Suffolk Resolves
meeting that authorized the
creation of a Continental army; many delegates still hoped that conflict could
be avoided with the British.
Second Continental Congress
pamphlet written by Thomas Paine attacking the system
of government by monarchy; this document was very influential throughout the
colonies.
Common Sense
defeat of the British in Virginia, ending their hopes
of winning the Revolutionary War.
Battle of Yorktown
treaty ending the Revolutionary War; by this treaty Great Britain recognized American independence and gave Americans the
territory between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River.
Treaty of Paris
document establishing the first government of the United States; the federal government was given limited power and the states much power.
Articles of Confederation
bills authorizing the sale of lands in the Northwest Territory to raise money for the federal government; bills
also laid out procedures for these territories to eventually attain statehood.
Northwest Ordinances
German mercenaries allied with Britain
Hessians
a representative body with two houses with more power usually given to the upper house
bicameral legislature
a representative body with one house
unicameral legislature
during debate over the Constitution, the plan proposing a bicameral legislature with representatives determined by proportional
representation.
Virginia Plan
during debate over the Constitution, the plan proposing one
legislative body for the country, with each state having one vote.
New Jersey Plan
Connecticut plan that stated that one house of the Congress would be based on population (the House of Representatives) while in the
other house all states would have equal representation (the Senate).
Great Compromise
procedure for electing the president and vice-president of the United States as outlined in the Constitution; electors from each state, and not the popular vote, ultimately elect the president.
Electoral College
as the Constitution was being created, the plan that
stated that slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a free person; this was
used to determine eventual membership in the House of Representatives
Three-Fifths Compromise
party in the first years of the republic that favored a larger national
government; was supported by commercial interests.
Federalists
proposed by President John Adams, gave the president power to expel “dangerous” aliens and outlawed “scandalous”publications against the government.
Alien and Sedition Acts
Those opposed to the new, stronger national
government
Anti-Federalists
contains the
basic protections that Americans hold dear today; politically, it quieted the
anti-Federalists and their fears of authoritarian government
Bill of Rights
A system of free trade that would keep America mostly agrarian and was supported by Jefferson
laissez-faire economic principles
Hamilton proposed that the United States had the obligation to redeem
in full all notes that had been issued by the government established by the Articles of Confederation. In addition, he proposed that the federal
government take over all of the debts of the individual states.
Report on the Public Credit
allowed American merchants to prosper by trading with
both sides during the French Revolution
Declaration of Neutrality
Pennsylvania farmers started this protest when they opposed a tax Alexander Hamilton
had placed on distilled alcohol, which reduced their profits
Whiskey Rebellion
Treaty where America was forced to comply with the British demand that they had the right to remove French products and materials from American ships. The British did agree to leave some of the forts they still occupied in the
Northwest Territory
Jay’s Treaty
proclaiming that states had the right to not enforce laws that were unconstitutional, such as the Sedition Act
Kentucky and Virginia Resolves
