Chapter 9/10/11/12 Flashcards
proclamation that countries of the Western
Hemisphere “are not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by
any European powers.”
Monroe Doctrine
Congressional act that authorized the removal of all Native American tribes east of the Mississippi to the west. The Trail of Tears
and other forced migrations caused the deaths of thousands
Removal Act of 1830
abolitionist newspaper began by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831.
The Liberator
system used heavily during the presidency of Andrew Jackson whereby political supporters of the winning candidate are given jobs in the
government
Spoils system
theory in which individual states could rule on the constitutionality of federal laws
Nullification
political party that emerged in the 1830s in opposition to the Democratic party; favored policies that promoted commercial and industrial growth
Whig Party
Under this system, merchants would buy the raw materials, recruit dozens, or in some
cases, hundreds of farm families to do the work, and then sell the finished
product
putting-out system
Young women from surrounding areas were brought in to work. They worked for a pittance in horrible conditions and slept in dormitories provided by the factories
Lowell System
religious events some lasting as long as a week, would cause followers to faint, speak
in tongues, or writhe uncontrollably
revival meetings
urged the working class to not drink in
excess
Temperance Movement
wanted the end to slavery
Abolitionist movement
founded in the South in 1817, opposed slavery on the grounds that it encouraged contact between blacks and whites; members of this organization urged slave owners to free their slaves and return them to Africa
American Colonization Society
restricted black people’s right to own property, conduct business, buy and lease land, and move freely through public spaces
Black Codes
a slave revolt that began on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. It was the largest slave rebellion in the Southern Colonies, with 25 colonists and 35 to 50 Africans killed.
Stono Rebellion
Jackson moved troops and federal marshals to South Carolina to collect the tariff payments there. Congress then authorized these decision with this act.
Force Act
concept that became popularized in the 1840s stating that it was the God-given mission of the United States to expand westward
Manifest Destiny
temporarily ending tensions between the North and the South, this measure allowed California to enter the Union as a free state but also strengthened the Fugitive Slave Law.
Compromise of 1850
legislation that set up special commissions in northern states to determine if accused runaway slaves were actually that. Commissioners were given more money if the accused was found to be a runaway than if he/she was not. Many northern state legislatures attempted to circumvent this law.
Fugitive Slave Act
compromise that allowed settlers in Kansas and Nebraska to vote to decide if they would enter the Union as free states or
slave states. Much violence and confusion took place in Kansas as various types of “settlers” moved into this territory in the months before the vote in an attempt to influence it
Kansas-Nebraska Act
critical Supreme Court ruling that stated that slaves were property and not people; as a result they could not seek a ruling from any
court. The ruling also stated that Congress had no legal right to ban slavery in
any territory.
Dred Scott Case
The six-month, 2,000- mile journey that brought settlers to the western territory
Oregon Trail
signed on February 2, 1848, and
officially ended the Mexican-American War. For $15 million the United States acquired the Texas territory north of the Rio Grande, New Mexico, and California (the exact territory they had previously offered to
buy). The American government also assumed all claims of Americans against
the Mexican government.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
A party whose main purpose was to oppose slavery in the newly acquired western
territories.
Free Soil Party
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s book was
written as a response to the Fugitive Slave Act. Stowe demonstrated the immorality of slavery in her novel, which sold nearly 275,000 copies in its first year of publication.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Deal made with Mexico which gave America an additional southern route for
trade (and territory for a proposed transcontinental railroad)
Gadsden Purchase
party that favored restrictions on further immigration and various schemes
that would keep recent immigrants from voting
Know Nothing Party
the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.
Nativism
